Five Important Scientific Discoveries - 1699 Words

What does Science really mean? Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge people have gained using that system. Less formally, the word science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from it. (Science Made Simple, Inc., 2006). Since in the beginning of time, we have conducted experiments whether we knew it or not and have come to conclusions about certain situation and why things are the way they are. Science had impacted the life of humans and there very lifestyle and is evident everywhere in every aspect of it. Till date, science is making more†¦show more content†¦For the first time, vaccinations were done on a sweeping scale. The triumph paved the way for immunizations, such as the chickenpox vaccine. (University of Rochester Medical Center, 2013). Since the intervention of vacci nes, the life of humans has been prolonged, and this has allowed the longevity and continuity of our existence. Many believed that human life would not have existed today if it wasn’t for vaccines, given that diseases would have wiped us out. Vaccines have allowed humans to survive today, and that alone has really impacted on the longevity of human’s existence on earth. As a result it is one of the major scientific discoveries of all time. Computers without a doubt is indeed another important scientific discovery made by man. Charles Babbage, a mathematician designed and built a model of what was called the difference engine in 1812. This invention was designed to perform calculations without human intervention. In the year1833, Babbage then designed the analytic engine. This machine had many of the same parts that could be found in modern day computers. It had an arithmetic unit which performed calculations. Babbage became known as the father of the modern day comput ers. (Oracle Think Quest) Computer’s in today’s modern times are imperative and are dependent on by man. Computer programmes have been designed to assist in everyday activities and make things easier. With computers new technologies allows for new designs of carsShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon : Pioneering Scientific Philosophy1513 Words   |  7 PagesFrancis Bacon: Pioneering Scientific Philosophy Francis Bacon demonstrated true brilliance in a time where people were finally starting to be curious about the world. His life, the late 1500s and early 1600s, was a time where previous scientific discoveries were being reformed and new discoveries were being introduced. Francis Bacon, a visionary for his time, was submersed in many events and influenced by many people, which in return allowed Bacon to produce some of his greatest theories and notionsRead MoreScience Education And Knowledge Of Science921 Words   |  4 Pagesmore similar than different to music education. The first aspect which provides a link between science and music is the idea of exploration and discovery through science. Contrary to the beliefs of many, science is not only about discovering â€Å"truths† as there are no scientific truths, only probable theories. Science therefore, like music, is about discovery and pupils having a combination of directed and undirected learning. Knowledge in science can also be propositional or procedural. PropositionalRead MoreDna Discovery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesgenetics. Although the scientific community did not fully appreciate or credit his work in his lifetime, Mendel is now considered the father of genetics. Mendel’s advanced experiments with pea plants between 1856 and 1863 identified the existence of dominant and recessive traits. He unknowingly described genes as the ‘invisible’ factors for providing a predictable phenotype. Although credited to American-English duo James Watson and Francis Crick, the next milestone of DNA discovery was the work of aRead More The Discovery of X-Rays Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe Discovery of X-Rays X-rays were discovered by accident in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen was already an accomplished scientist with forty-eight published papers. He had a reputation among the scientific community as a dedicated scientist with precise experimental methods. Roentgen had been conducting experiments at the University of Wurzburg on the effect of cathode-rays on the luminescence of certain chemicals. Roentgen had placed a cathode-ray tube, whichRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Of Our Life1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe scientific revolution in our life cannot be denied in any way or neglected at present. The use of scientific inquiry method has changed the way we perceive, think, experience and analyze our surroundings. Before scientific discoveries or scientific revolution, religion has had an essential dominance in people’s life. People had many difficulties to know and believe the reality of their surroundings. We cannot donate discoveries of past a s touchstones, but these are pillars which provide a baseRead MoreHistory of Medicine Essay626 Words   |  3 Pagespossible by scientific breakthroughs made before the 20th century. Modern medicine arguably emerged. Both normal and abnormal functions (physiology and pathology) were increasingly understood within smaller units, first the tissues and then the cells. Microscopy also played a key role in the development of bacteriology. Physicians started to use stethoscope as an aid in diagnosing certain diseases and conditions. New ways of diagnosing disease were developed, and surgery emerged as an important branchRead MoreThe Theory Of The Natural Sciences1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmethod, such as the scientific method, tests are carried out, criticism is allowed and improvement is made, only then, with the relative evidence to back up this solitary man’s claim, do we, the group, begin to accept his claim as â€Å"knowledge†. On the other hand, knowledge of what we deem ethical and morally right, whilst we can gain this from interaction with the group, is not typically verified by the group, but rather is verified by ourselves, within our own heads. An important question to ask inRead MoreEssay on Should Intelligent Design be Taught in Public Schools?1665 Words   |  7 PagesOrigin of Species, which would introduce the seminal theory of evolution to the scientific community. Over 150 years later, the majority of scientists have come to a consensus in agreement with this theory, citing evidence in newer scientific research. In an average high school biology classroom, one may imagine an instructor that has devoted much of his life to science and a predominantly Christian class of about twenty-five students. On the topic of evolution, one of the students might ask, â€Å"Why wouldRead More Frankenstein as a gothic novel Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein as a gothic novel The gothic tradition highlights the grotesque, relies on mysterious and remote settings, and is intended to evoke fear. All of these are evident in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, especially in chapter five. The settings in the novel are striking and distinctively gothic. Appropriately, the creature first breathes on a dreary night of November, in a remote laboratory at Ingolstadt. The eerie atmosphere is typical of the gothic tradition. 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Critique of Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose.

Essay question: Milton Friedmans claims that ‘voluntary exchange is a necessary condition for both prosperity and freedom. Carefully examine the assumptions about ‘power, ‘choice and ‘market efficiency that underpin his claim. Give reasons for your agreement or disagreement with him. This essay is a short critique of the theory by Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to choose: A personal statement, focusing on chapter 1. I will argue that Friedman is right in saying, Â… voluntary exchange is a necessary condition for both prosperity and freedom but that there are shortcomings in his theory. Voluntary exchange is defined as a trade of something which is done with both persons consent. For instance a problem with the theory Milton†¦show more content†¦The price system is hailed as the ultimate mechanism for voluntary exchange, the Friedmans say that you dont need to speak to one another or even like one another for it to work. This seems to give a very mechanical and stock price sort of view without any human feeling to it. For example, you can just trade things and make money even if the person is Saddam Hussein. In terms of ethics this sort of trading does not rate very highly. When you buy your pencil or your daily bread, you dont know whether the pencil was made or the wheat grown was grown by a white man or a black man, by a Chinese or an Indian. Does it matter then if the pencil was made by a five year old boy who should be at school? Of course it does. Does it matter if the workers get five cents an hour for growing wheat and the foreign owned company makes an enormous profit off the workers? Yes that matters too. The Friedmans dont state any ethical considerations in their assumption. In terms of market efficiency, the Friedmans portray some of the workers as dumb and perhaps naà ¯ve. Some among them never saw a pencil and would not know what it is for. How could you not know what a pencil is for or what you are making? This possibly raises exploitation questions and how young and educated these workers are. Child labour does still exist too this day. In a book about slavery there is a story about a young boy called Fernando.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesalthough seldom examined directly in the literatures. If you are looking for a good handle to unite the whole workshop this theme is probably one of the best. Consideration of what generates or undermines trust can help you to generate your own critiques of the literatures and theories of organisation. If taken seriously, an understanding of trust, what underlies it, its nature, and, most importantly, what undermines it, can help generate important insights and understanding of other topics, andRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 Pagespurposes, without the expressed permissions of Statistics Canada. Information on the availability of the wide range of data from Statistics Canada can be obtained from Statistics Canada s Regional Offices, its W orld Wide Web site at , and its toll-free access number 1-800-263-1136. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transcribed, or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, tapingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesContributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunificationRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesal. (2006) argue that, under the market timing theory, bidders profit by buying undervalued targets for cash at a price below its fundamental value. But if managers are acting in the shareholders’ interests, it is also possible that the bidders may choose to pay cash when they know that their shares are undervalued (Myers and Majluf, 1984). Even in this case, given the large merger premiums typically paid to the targets,2 target firms must be even more undervalued relative to the bidders. In a nutshellRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesCarly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any meansRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmanagement content on your campus server. If you need assistance, our dedicated technical support team is ready to help with the media supplements that accompany this text. Visit 247pearsoned .custhelp.com for answers to frequently asked questions and toll-free user support phone numbers. The following supplements are available to adopting instructors (for detailed descriptions, please visit www.pearsonhighered.com/irc): †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Instructor’s Manual—updated and revised to provide ideas and

Simulation Experimentation Free Essays

string(47) " that the shots remain unutilized or balanced\." 7.5 Simulation Experiment Once the base ‘push’ and ‘pull’ theoretical accounts were validated and verified, the following measure was to make up one’s mind on patterns that could be included in the simulation survey and their degree scene. So, the simulation experimentation was carried in two phases. We will write a custom essay sample on Simulation Experimentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7.5.1 Initial Experiment The initial experimentation was used to make up one’s mind the degree of alterations to be made and for confirmation of patterns. Along with the present position, following fluctuations were considered for initial experimentation. Layout alteration: layout alteration with alterations in machine location and cell layout Setup clip: 25 % less and 50 % less Average clip to mend ( MTTR ) : 25 % less, 50 % less and 25 % more Pull Model: 100 % production as per agenda and no FGI available, 100 % production as per agenda and existent FGI Rejection: 25 % less and 50 % less Load and unload clip: 25 % less and 50 % less. Table 7.6 Consequences of mated T-test for past informations cogency of ‘push’ type simulation theoretical account J9 4833 6256 – 0.37 0.087 2.044 775 5023 0.178 0.697 0.408 – 4058 2357 0.776 0.004 – 4.555 J8 1092 2663 1.085 0.319 1.085 749 1138 0.79 0.132 1.741 – 343 1586 0.305 0.588 -0.573 J7 -1590 2204 0.122 0.105 -1.909 145 1221 0.633 0.764 0.314 1735 2696 -0.033 0.14 1.702 J6 1355 3942 0.028 0.398 0.91 402 453 0.947 0.057 2.347 -953 4124 -0.074 0.563 -0.612 J5 1990 5675 0.486 0.389 0.928 2222 2112 0.599 0.032 2.783 232 5794 0.57 0.919 0.106 J4 1146 5971 0.089 0.63 0.508 1587 1714 0.659 0.05 2.449 441 7322 -0.5 0.879 0.159 J3 9397 13869 -0.104 0.123 1.793 -187 7261 0.613 0.948 -0.068 -9584 11326 0.223 0.066 -2.239 J2 1225 4359 0.965 0.485 0.744 2955 12010 0.685 0.539 0.651 1730 10457 0.706 0.677 0.438 J1 2087 7608 0.976 0.495 0.726 2650 22431 0.74 0.765 0.313 563 18773 0.763 0.939 0.079 Stat. Parameter Mean Std. Dev. Correlation p-value t-value Mean Std. Dev. Correlation p-value t-value Mean Std. Dev. Correlation p-value t-value Comparison between Planned- Actual Planned- ‘push’ theoretical account Actual- ‘push’ theoretical account Production sequence: high to low volume and low to high volume Handiness: 25 % less and 25 % more Raw Material Schedule: current natural stuff procurance program, agenda bringings after 5 yearss, with and without opening RMI, 5 % extra stuff procurance, with current bringing public presentation, 100 % bringing measure and bringing public presentation 7.5.1.1 Layout Alterations The layout to be used for the JIT system should hold maximal visibleness, lower limit walking, minimal stuff handling, facilitates monitoring of work come ining and go forthing the cell and workers can handily collaborate to smooth flow and address jobs. Schonberger ( 1982 ) , Korgaonker ( 2005 ) and other research workers have stressed on the usage of streamlined U shaped layout and formation of fabricating cells based on group engineering ( GT ) attack. The current layout of the imperativeness machine store is a combination of U-shaped and L-shaped layout. The country of the imperativeness store is 625 m2including the country required for imperativeness machines, rework country, racks for hive awaying the dies and tooling which is non excessively large for the stuff and tool motion. The P9 machine was the lone machine outside the close U-type. The operator and the stuff have to be placed in the gangway. So, consequently the machine P9 was shifted in topographic point of P6, which i s non being used. The infinite restraint besides does non let the change of current layout into the complete U type layout. The layout was analyzed to verify the locations of the machines within the given layout. From-To chart showed that the current layout produces minimal backtracking. In order to use group engineering ( GT ) attack, two types of cells were formed. As shown in Table 7.7, two cells were formed based on fabrication properties and by switching some of the operations performed on machines P5, P7 and P8. The measure of constituents J5 and J8 is really less as compared to occupation J1, J2 and J3. So, it would non be advisable to save the machines P5, P7 and P8 entirely for these two occupations. So, it could be considered that the imperativeness store with 11 machines formed one cell. In another attack, the simulation theoretical account was developed in which the machines with similar capacities were grouped together to organize the cell as shown in Table 7.8. The first bin of a batch selects the first available imperativeness in the cell assigned to that operation. If none of the imperativenesss are available, the bins wait until a imperativeness is available. After a imperativeness has been selected, all bins in that batch will be routed to the selected imperativeness for that peculiar operation. The production public presentation of this layout was compared with the base ‘push’ theoretical account stand foring current scenario. It was observed that monthly production of J2, J3 and J5 is drastically reduced while the addition in the production of J1, J8 and J9 is really fringy. Similarly, lead clip additions drastically and machine use besides reduces. Therefore, both the attacks have shown negative tendencies of steps. So, it was decided to follow the current layout as the best suited option. Table 7.7 Cell formation based on fabrication properties Cell No. Press machines in the cell Jobs manufactured in the cell 1 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12 7 machines 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 7 occupations 2 4, 5, 7, 10 4 machines 5, 8 2 occupations. Table 7.8 Cell formation based on machine capacity Cell No. Press machines in the cell Capacity 1 4, 5 40 Short ton 2 7 80 Short ton 3 3 100 Short ton 4 2, 8, 9 110 Short ton 5 1, 10, 11, 12 160 Short ton 7.5.1.2 Line Balancing Line reconciliation is a particular job for assorted type of production ( Schonberger, 1982 ) . The imperativeness store under consideration was analyzed for available and needed figure of shots. The analysis is presented in Table 7.9 for the month of January. It can be observed that the shots remain unutilized or balanced. You read "Simulation Experimentation" in category "Essay examples" The analysis for all the seven months showed similar tendencies except for the month of February and March. For the intent of computations, the overall minimal shots available were considered which are well lower than available for high volume occupations like J1 and J2. So, line reconciliation was besides non a concern for the imperativeness store. Table 7.9 Capacity analysis for the month of January Imperativeness Jobs utilizing imperativeness and corresponding measure Min. Capacity Min. parts / twenty-four hours Required shots Balance shots Occupation Qty Occupation Qty Occupation Qty Occupation Qty P1 J2 1128 J3 245 250 3500 1373 2127 P2 J1 2246 J2 1128 250 3500 3374 126 P3 J2 1128 J3 245 J4 316 J7 72 333 4662 1761 2901 P4 J8 157 J8 157 303 4242 314 3928 P5 J3 245 J3 245 J5 408 400 5600 898 4702 P7 J4 316 J5 408 J8 157 303 4242 881 3361 P8 J1 2246 J2 1128 J7 72 385 5390 3446 1944 P9 J1 2246 J4 316 J9 101 J9 101 286 4004 2764 1240 P10 J5 408 J9 101 J9 101 250 3500 610 2890 P11 J2 1128 J3 245 J9 101 J9 101 250 3500 1575 1925 P12 J2 1128 J6 273 J6 273 200 2800 1674 1126 7.5.1.3 Production Sequence The constituents to be produced by imperativeness store includes some high volume occupations such as J1, J2, and J3 and some low volume occupations such as J7, J8 and J9. The sequence in which these occupations are scheduled affects the public presentation of imperativeness store. The simulation was carried out by scheduling the production from high to low ( on the footing of production volume ) and from low to high. The consequences indicated that in both the instances production lessenings and WIP increases drastically. So, the current attack of assorted type sequencing was maintained for ‘push’ and ‘pull’ theoretical accounts. 7.5.1.3 Raw Material Procurement Schedule In the initial experimentation of ‘push’ type simulation theoretical account, some cases of ‘stock out’ state of affairss were observed. If the natural stuff measure in the shop was less than the twenty-four hours ‘s demand, the theoretical account calculated the figure of full bins that could be produced utilizing the bing natural stuff in the shop. The balance was added to the following twenty-four hours ‘s order. Current procurance of natural stuff is in immense tonss bring forthing higher RMI.The public presentation of the sellers in footings of adhering to the measure and clip of bringing is really good. Average ‘On clip delivery’ public presentation is 99.24 % and the ‘right quantity’ public presentation is 95.50 % . Even though, the seller public presentation is moderately good, the works experienced arrests due to ‘non-availability of material’ on the one manus and high stock list of natural stuff on the other. So, the new procurance agenda was developed to avoid the ‘stock out’ state of affairs with minimal possible natural stuff stock list. Assorted options such as agenda bringings after 5 yearss with and without opening RMI were considered. Still, some occasions of ‘stock out’ were observed. So, 5 % extra stuff was added to the procurance measure in order to counterbalance for possible rejections. Opening natural stuff stock list at the beginning of the simulation was assumed. The bringing public presentation in footings of quality and bringing timing was modeled as per paradigm execution. 7.5.1.4 Setup Time Setup clip decrease is the most of import technique that enables JIT refillings. The set-up clip is the elapsed clip from when the last portion of the current tally is completed until the work centre starts running the first good piece of the following tally. Entire setup clip consists of the clip required readying, mounting and unhorsing, focus oning, dimensioning and puting measure, and test tallies and accommodations. For the imperativeness store under consideration, the mean set-up clip is 14.4 proceedingss, the maximal being 30 proceedingss and the lower limit is 10 proceedingss. Along with the other parametric quantities related to the apparatus procedure, apparatus clip depends on the tunnage capacity of the imperativeness and weight of the dies. Some larger machines like 3,000 dozenss with 35 ton dies, the universe criterion for set-up is 10 proceedingss, whereas Toyata was able to accomplish the set-up for similar machines in 3 proceedingss. The maximal capacity of the imper ativeness in the imperativeness store is 160 tones and lower limit is 40 tones. Compared to the criterions, presently the set-up clip is really high. The survey of set-up procedure at the imperativeness store under consideration reveals that it uses the traditional manner of puting dies. All the dies are stored in the rack built really near to the machine cell. Tooling needed for puting up is kept near to the rack. Forklifts, wires and ropes, and skidding methods are used to interchange the dies. Lot of accommodation work is performed to do a good portion during attempt outs. External set-ups are kept ready most of the clip, but still there are issues such as deficiency of be aftering due to some of import and pressing orders due to reshuffle of production agenda, unorganised readying and eventually, some hapless executing of the conversion. Sometimes, it is further deteriorated due to miss of preciseness equipment, no set control bounds, wear and rupture on tooling, fixtures, equipment, deficiency of criterions or mention points and non-documented work methods. The clip required for machine accommodations, trials to run into need ed dimensions or quality facets is besides high. Other discretional clip taken by the compositors besides adds to the apparatus clip. The set-up clip can be reduced significantly through focused and problem-solving low-priced attacks such as organizing a cross-functional squad ; separation of external and internal apparatuss ; standardisation of internal apparatus processs ; usage of standardised parts, tools and fixtures ; decease clamping system that works with a assortment of die sizes ; mounting line up blocks ; usage of preset-positions, gigues and fixtures, lasting mention lines and ram accommodations. For the imperativeness store under considerations, the observation of current apparatus patterns and the setup clip required thereof, there exists a big potency to cut down the set-up clip based on the countries for possible betterment. For the intent of repairing the per centum decrease in apparatus clip, the simulations were conducted at 25 % less and 50 % less and 25 % more. With the 25 % decrease, alterations in production, lead clip and WIP was non much and discernible. Besides, the alterations reflected could be due to the random coevals of apparatus clip harmonizing to the exponential distribution. So, for the intent of change overing the system to JIT, the apparatus clip was reduced clip by 50 % , which is rather possible and practical. 7.5.1.5 Rejection Rate The quality of the constituents being produced by the imperativeness machines is really of import public presentation index. For the imperativeness store under consideration, the mean rejection rate is 3.33 % , the maximal being 4.5 % and the lower limit is 2.0 % . The high per centum of rejection leads to decrease in concluding production measure, bit, rework and increased cost. Due to inability to run into the production agenda because of higher rejection rates, less handiness and higher MTTR, the company has to often run into the marks by overtime. In the imperativeness store, factors impacting reject rate are die quality ( design, wear and care ) , preventative care, proper apparatus, procedure monitoring and operator preparation. Some minor undertakings related to constituents of brake pedal and door beam were successfully completed at the imperativeness store. It shows that some more continual betterment undertakings can be successfully executed to cut down the rejection rate. The simulation theoretical account was run by cut downing the rejection rate by 25 % and 50 % . The decrease in rejection rate provides seeable alterations in the end product. The betterment undertakings completed besides indicate that the decrease in rejection rate of 50 % is accomplishable by systematic analysis, betterment and control. 7.5.1.6 Supplier Quality Management As mentioned above, the sellers are reputed and have a really good record of bringing clip and measure. On the quality forepart, the providers are executing moderately good. Out of 118 bringings over 7 months ; 69 times at that place was no rejection at inward subdivision. For staying 59 times, the mean credence was 91.54 % . The whole batch was rejected merely one time and was non considered in RM agenda. The natural stuff required for the imperativeness store is cut from the procured sheets. So, there are some rejections after shearing due to dimensional and geometrical issues. Supplier quality direction is ensured by puting rejection of inward stuff to zero. 7.5.1.7 Equipment Development for Reduction in MTTR Equipment design and development are really betterments to the production procedure itself as it has a direct and significant impact on the cost, quality, and production clip of merchandises. Simple equipment is easy to manage and later reduces the MTBF, MTTR and improves handiness. Few alterations were made in the bought out machines to ease easy care, to cut down MTTR and better quality of production. These alterations are as follows: Power relays were often neglecting due to fluctuation in electromotive force. Relays were mounted inside the machine near the electric motor and were taking a long clip to mend. The location of the relays was changed and was brought outside of the machine. The replacing clip was reduced from 40 proceedingss to a few proceedingss. For the safety of the operator and to avoid idle shot, exposure detectors were mounted. It reduced the opportunities of accidents and dislocations. The jobs of hiting, cleft, thinning and furrows were reduced by utilizing a customized padding cylinder. The breakdown frequence of the bracket of the stacker was reduced by developing new mechanism. The shock absorber pins were responsible for doing the hole oblong and faulty. The bearing country was increased by replacing the earlier little home base with a bigger diameter. Once it was successful in one machine, it had been horizontally deployed to all the machines. The review and care of the clasp assembly was hard and clip consuming because of its location and weight. The squad developed the keeping mechanism for 160T machine which was utile to skid the constituents, cut downing the clip for review and care. Together with the above alterations, rapid motion of the random-access memory during the return shot could besides be implemented. The observation of the causes of dislocation showed that the happenings of electrical jobs were frequent. The failure of parts such as contactors, spiral, relays, coppice, fuse, switches, wires, etc. was the major beginning of dislocation. Depending on the frequence, the spares could be made available in the box attached at the back side of the machines. It would ease easy handiness of the same for look intoing and replacing. Therefore, decrease in MTTR by 25 % and 50 % were simulated for initial tallies of the simulation. 50 % decrease in MTTR was selected for concluding experimentation to hold noticeable alterations in the public presentation indexs and to suit for random coevals of values. 7.5.1.7 Handiness Similarly, the losingss in the production clip were due to decease dislocation job, machine startup, quality defect and rework losingss, velocity losingss, manpower deficits, apparatus and accommodation losingss, stuff related job, seek out and minor arrests, power inaccessibility, and interrupt down losingss. It showed that assorted grounds were lending to the loss in handiness. The apparatus and trial clip could be reduced as explained in apparatus clip decrease. The preventative care of imperativeness machines and dies would cut down the arrests due to machine dislocation and die failure. The breakdown losingss and other care related losingss could be reduced by implementing preventative care. The computerized care information system would bring forth the agenda of care for each hebdomad which included hebdomadally, half annual and annual care activities. This information would be helpful in put to deathing the scheduled care. The preparation of the operator, formation of care and development squads would assist in bettering the handiness the machines. So, it could be considered that the handiness could be improved by 25 % . 7.5.1.8 Loading and Unloading clip In other patterns such as burden and unloading clip, independent care was besides looked in. Loading and droping was done manually. The mean loading clip was 3.70 seconds while droping clip was 3.58 seconds. Use of turn uping pins, pokayoke, proper workstation design, stuff provender and storage system could be used to cut down the burden and unloading clip. Therefore 25 % decrease was assumed in lading and unloading clip. 7.5.1.9 Autonomous Care Care that is performed by the machine operator instead than the care staff is known as independent care. It includes undertakings such as lubricating and fastening machine parts, cleansing, and reviews to observe abnormalcies and possible malfunctions at the earliest. Extra 15 proceedingss of clip was provided while implementing this pattern in the simulation theoretical account. The company location is about 7Km from the OEM site and has third party logistics for the bringing. After each displacement the finished constituents are delivered to the OEM. In the extra 15 proceedingss of clip provided, the operators are supposed to execute independent care. The operators can run any of the imperativeness machines and besides aid during the apparatus of machines. Therefore, operators are involved in a assortment of related undertakings stand foring multifunctional properties of workers. Design for fabrication pattern besides could hold been considered by uniting some operations utilizing progressive dies. Human related patterns, being intangible in nature, were excluded during the simulation survey. After the initial experimentation, the patterns to be included in the concluding experimentation and the degree of fluctuation were finalized. Table 7.10 shows the patterns and matching alterations effected while implementing a peculiar paradigm. How to cite Simulation Experimentation, Essay examples

Broad And Narrow View Of Corporate Social Responsibility

Questions: 1. Discuss your position in relation to the CSR debate i.e. do you favour the broad or the narrow view? Imagine yourself after graduating. You are the CEO of a large company and have adopted your chosen view. How would your approach affect society? 2.Use ethical theory to defend your position. An effective way to do this is to: a. Choose an ethical theory to apply to the broad or narrow view. b. Briefly outline the theory to demonstrate your understanding of it. c. Apply it to the issue (HINT: Its easier to apply it to the concept of one view or another, rather than to specific arguments for/against one side). Justify any assumptions that you make. d. When you have applied the theory, make a clear statement regarding whether or not your application of theory finds your chosen view ethical. Answers : 1. Broad and narrow view Rules related to corporate social responsibility for companies differs and it depends upon various factors. The process for using the profit earned by the company has to be decided in an exclusive manner. In this case, the values are imposed by analysing the factors that can impact the profit earning margin for the company. Here, strategy plans are prepared to find the factors that can be used for the purpose of providing better benefits to the clients or the society. In this case, the broad view for the CSR is related to the business and other market trends that are not regulated by the federal authorities. The changes that are intended to be implemented by the business houses usually revolve around the positive attitude. This has been done with an intention of developing and implementing proper changes that is required for making the changes that will benefit the system. In the broader view the social factors that are related to the consistency of the earning level is also decided by the authorities. This has been done with an intention of providing maximum benefits to the users or the community. However, in this case, it is necessary for the leaders to develop effective stages through which the changes can be implemented in an effective manner. In this process the benefits that would be rendered to the stakeholders and others who are associated with the organization has to be analysed in the right manner. This will help in providing the best services to the clients and the community. In the broader sense the responsibility of the stakeholders and the company are analysed. It is necessary to ensure that the plan that has been prepared for providing quality services to the clients, the performance and the profit earning margin of the company is not impacted. If this happens then the task that has been proposed to be performed by the company wouldnt provide any benefits In the narrow view the benefits are associated with the organization or particular aspects. This is one of the most important factors that have to be considered and analysed by the management of the company in the correct manner. If this is not done by the management in the right manner then the company wouldnt be able to reap the expected benefits that are associated with the terms. In this case, an attempt is made to ensure that there is no negative impact of the decision that has been taken by the management for introducing the changes that is required for the purpose of execution of the tasks that has been assigned to the company. The negative impact due to the CSR has to be analysed as this will help in improving the quality of services that has been intended to provide to the community or the group of people (Adam et al., 2001). The broader view for CSR is the better option, when compared to the other method. In this process, the management of the company can choose an effective strategy for providing the best possible services. In this case, it is necessary to analyse the term of benefits that will be provided to the clients. This is one of the most important factors that will be helpful in rendering quality services to the people of the community. Apart from this, the type of benefits that needs to be provided to the clients has to be provided as this will help in reducing any sort of inequality that can affect the performance or the tasks that has been planned to be provided by the company. Some of the issues that are related to this process like capitalism, economic view, and other factors have to be analysed in the right manner. This will help in drafting and providing the best possible solution through which the quality of services can be improved for the clients. Unlike the narrow view, where the CSR aims for increasing the benefits that would be derived by the company broader view works on a different tangent. In this method, the benefits and the plans to provide the same has been provided to the organizations or others agencies. An attempt is made to ensure that there is no harm caused to the stakeholders, which is one of the most important factors. This is not the case, with the rules that has been formed and implemented under the narrow point of view. Here, the authorities or the management of the company basically concentrate on finding different ways through which the company would benefit (Alder et al., 2008). 2. (a) Ethical theories The theories for CSR play an important role for improving the quality of services that has been proposed to be provided to the clients. Some of the theories are related to economic, legal factors, and ethical practices. These factors are quite important and help the management of the company in deciding the better methods through which the quality of services can be improved by the companies (Bartlett, 2003). 2. (b) features of the theories In the economic factor, the management basically concentrates on adopting the better methods through which money can be generated for the company. In the legal factors, the rules and regulations that are framed by the authorities are drafted and implemented by the management. This has been done with an intention of reducing the errors and other issues that can affect the performance of the company. In the ethical practices an attempt is made to ensure that the right methods are followed for the purpose of execution of the tasks that has been decided by the company. In this case, the ethical factors are discussed and implemented by the management in the right manner, as this will enable the company to do the right thing (Bowie, 2002). 2. (c) Theories and its applications It is necessary to adopt and implement the right strategies for applying the theories that is related to CSR. In the economic factors, the managers or the authorities need to ensure that the right method is adopted and implemented for making the changes. The issues faced by the organization at the time of implication of the strategies for CSR has to be analysed. In this method, the step that needs to be followed by the company has to be communicated with the concerned departments or organization. This will help in accomplishing the task that is related to CSR in the best possible manner. Apart from this the theory needs to be applied in the precise manner, as this will hep the company to solve the challenges that are faced by the individuals. In this case, the application for the theory has to be analysed and implemented in the right manner, as the performance related to the CSR has to be done in an accurate manner (Chun, 2005). 2. (d) Application The theory needs to be applied in an effective manner as this will improve the quality of the services that has been proposed to be rendered through CSR. In the ethical factors, the company needs to adopt and implement strategies that will improve the level of confidence amongst the members. In this case, the information has to be shared with the concerned authorities as this will help in accomplish the task in the best possible manner. Apart from this, the step that needs to be followed for accomplishing the task has to be done in the right method. This will increase the confidence in the performance and ethically the steps will be followed for accomplishing the task. This is one of the most important tasks that need to be performed and implemented by the company (Collins, and Wray, 2005). Conclusion The CSR is one of the most important aspects that contribute towards the successful business operations. In this case, the challenge that is faced by the company has to be analysed and implemented in the right manner. It is also necessary to apply the method in the right process, as this will help in improving the quality of services that has been proposed to be rendered to the society and the community. In this method, the issues faced by the company at the time of implementing the changes are necessary to be analysed. The corrective steps have to be taken for implementing the changes that will help in the business development. References Adams, J.S, Tashchian, A. and Shore, T.H.2001.Codes of Ethics as Signals for Ethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 29,199-211. Alder, G.S., Schminke, M., Noel, T.W., and Kuenzi, M.2008.Employee Reactions to Internet Monitoring: The Moderating Role of Ethical Orientation Journal of Business Ethics, 80:481-498. Bartlett, D.2003. Management and Business Ethics: A Critique and Integration of Ethical Decision-Making Models. British Journal of Management, 14, 223-235. Bowie, N.E. 2002.A Kantian Approach to business Ethics. in Frederick, R.E. A Companion to Business Ethics, Blackwell, UK Chun, R. 2005. Ethical Character and Virtue of Organizations: An Empirical Assessment and Strategic Implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 57,269-284. Collins, H., and Wray-Bliss, E. 2005. Discriminating Ethics. Human Relations, 58:799-824.

Shui Fabrics Essay Example

Shui Fabrics Essay This  case is about  the implementation of an  employee involved and empowered organization  at  Elektra ProductsInc. The top management recommended  to implement such as to permit managers to follow a product from design to sales to customer; allow sales employees to get an on the spot refund of $500 worth of merchandise; make information available to sales people about future products and swap sales and manufacturing employees  for short periods to let them get to know one another’s job.Read also   ANALYSIS OF OUR SECRET BY SUSAN GRIFFINOn the other hand the  majority of the company employees upon hearing of the plan have shown disinterest and scepticism  to the idea,  due to would like to implement as per the Director of the Human Resources Department the idea for personal change would everyone’s low morale, loss of trust towards the company and  lack of communication. The  employees are not open to embrace the change that the company destr oy the carefully crafted job categories that had just been completed.The finance department argued that allowing sales people to make $500 refunds would create a goldmine for unethical customers and sales people and the legal department warned that providing such information to sales people can result to industrial spying. All these were mentioned by the employees after the CEO Martin Griffin left to attend a meeting for a particular client.Barbara Russell the vice president of the manufacturing department and part of the problem solving team is left with the idea whether to keep her mouth shut; take a chance and confront Martin to push slowly for the reform and work for gradual support from other teams; or look for another job and leave the company she really cares about. II. Objectives The  objectives of the  problem are to  provide a successful  action plan  towards  the  involvement and empowerment of the company employees and to establish a harmonious relationship   with all the employees and top management. Case Study:  Shui FabricsI. Statement of the Problem: Rocky  River Industries is thinking of cancelling tit’s joint venture with Shanghai Fabric Ltd. , due to  itsinefficient 5% ROI for the past three years,  Rocky  River Industries  is expecting Shui Fabrics to 20% ROI. Shui Fabrics  was said to be inefficient due to its unsophisticated technology and  Rocky  River  would like to reduce workforce  by incorporating more sophisticated machinery  to increase ROI to 20%. II. Objectives The  objective of the problem is to determine possible solution to keep the joint venture of Rocky River andShanghai Fabric. IV.Framework of Analysis/Evaluation of Alternative Actions: Strengths  (Internal to the organization) Shanghai Fabric  contribution to the local economy Helps decrease unemployment rate in China Weaknesses  (Internal to the organization) Company generates just the right level of profit, and had been consistently at 5% ROI Opportunities  (External to the organization) Competitors are using more sophisticated technology that doesn’t require more workforces Threats  (External to the organization) Importation of products and services from America to China can also be localized Current US tariffs and quotas could change at any timeStrengths-Opportunities Upgrading or incorporating more sophisticated machinery will increase efficiency and productivity, it will also help  Shanghai Fabric  compete with local and international competitors and more business joint ventures with other organization. Thus implementing this will help in increasing the employment rate and avoid workforce lay-off. Strengths-Threats By strengthening  Shanghai Fabric  it will help their company grow and not need a 50-50 joint venturethat  will give them 100% profit. Weaknesses-Opportunities Updating their machineries will increase the company’s return

How to Find the Aquarius Constellation

How to Find the Aquarius Constellation The Aquarius constellation is one of several water-related star patterns in the sky. Take some time to look for this constellation in the night sky when it is most visible, starting in late October. Finding Aquarius Aquarius is visible from nearly the entire planet. It is bounded by several other constellations: Cetus (the sea monster), Pisces, Capricornus, Aquila, and Pegasus. Aquarius lies along the zodiac and ecliptic. A star chart showing Aquarius and three deep-sky objects. Carolyn Collins Petersen   The Story of Aquarius The constellation Aquarius was once called The Great One (or GU LA in the Babylonian language). Aquarius was linked to the god Ea, a figure that frequently appears in Babylonian artifacts. Ea was often associated with the floods that regularly visited the Babylonian part of the Middle East.   Like the Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians saw the constellation as a god associated with flooding. Hindus saw the star pattern as a water pitcher, and in ancient China, the constellation was interpreted as a water jar with a stream flowing away from it. The ancient Greeks had many tales about Aquarius, but mostly associated it with Ganymede, a Greek hero who ascended to Mount Olympus to serve as the cup-carrier to the gods. This depiction as a water-bearer stands to this day.   The Stars of Aquarius In the official IAU chart of Aquarius, the figure of the water bearer is accompanied by a number of other stars that exist in this region. The brightest star is called alpha Aquarii and, like beta Aquarii, is a yellow supergiant star. They are G-type stars and are several times more massive than the Sun. Alpha Aquarii also has the name Sadalmelik, while beta is also called Sadalsuud.   The official IAU constellation star chart. IAU/Sky Publishing   One of the most fascinating stars in this constellation is R Aquarii, a variable star. R Aquarii is made up of a pair of stars: a white dwarf and another variable, which orbit each other once every 44 years. As they circle their common center of gravity, the white dwarf member pulls material from its partner. Eventually, some of that material erupts off the white dwarf, which causes the star to brighten considerably. The pair has a nebula of material surrounding it called Cederblad 211. The material in the nebula may be associated with the periodic outbursts that this star pair experiences.   Image made from HST imagery of R Aquarii. The pair of stars is surrounded by material lost from one of the pair. STSCI/NASA/ESA/Judy Schmidt   Avid meteor shower watchers may be familiar with the three showers that seem to emanate from Aquarius each year. The first is the Eta Aquariids, which on the 5th and 6th of May. This is the strongest of the three and can produce up to 35 meteors per hour. The meteors from this shower come from materials shed by Comet Halley as it travels through the solar system. The Delta Aquariids that peak twice: once on the 29th of July and again on the 6th of August. Its not quite as active as its sister shower in May, but still worth checking out. The weakest of the three is the Iota Aquariids, which peak on August 6th each year.   Deep-sky Objects in Aquarius Aquarius is not close to the plane of the galaxy where many deep-sky objects exist, but it nevertheless sports a treasury of objects to explore. Observers with good telescopes and binoculars can find galaxies, globular cluster, and a few planetary nebulae. The globular cluster M2 can be seen with the naked eye under good conditions, and a telescope reveals much more detail. M2 is a tightly packed globular cluster. Its shown here in an image by Sean X. Curry. Sean X Curry, CC BY-SA 4.0 Also worth exploring is a pair of planetary nebulae called the Saturn Nebula and the Helix Nebula. These are the remains of stars in their death processes. In the not-too-distant past, they gently pushed their outer atmospheres off to space, leaving behind beautiful glowing clouds surrounding the leftovers of their progenitor stars. In a few thousand years, the clouds will dissipate, leaving behind a pair of cooling white dwarfs. The Helix Nebula as seen by HST and CTIO; bottom image is a 3D computer model of this dying star and its nebula. STScI/CTIO/NASA For a more challenging observation activity, sky-gazers can seek out the galaxy NGC 7727. It lies about 76 million light-years away from us. Professional astronomers are studying long streamers of gas that emanate from the galaxy, which is classified as a peculiar galaxy due to its odd shape. NGC 7727 is likely in the final stage of a galaxy merger, and will eventually become a large elliptical galaxy in the distant figure.

Lesson plan for special education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lesson plan for special education - Assignment Example Integrate of a wide scope of methods of instructions that are suited to learner’s distinct styles of learning. This is aimed at creating an intended program for Tom success in tertiary institution preparatory curriculums Stress on the need to ensure that Tom fits in the school curriculums and with co-joined traditional aspects of the school such as co-curricular activities. Tom will be to pursue his core based courses as well as take part in other classes, co-curricular activities like athletics together with the rest of learners in the school This lesson plan seeks to explore Tom, a 10 year old kid in the 5th. He will be engaged in a handy activity aimed at helping him distinguish different conditions that act as trigger factors to asthma. Tom will be engaged in research of various ways to prevent these conditions and also on possible methods of treatment. Through internet sources and a Brain POP utility, Tom is to develop from them, research skills (Dawson, 1989). The research activities will involve finding, compiling, and summarizing information regarding asthma. It will uplift awareness not only on asthma but also of other possible ill health. Lastly, Tom will also get to learn on ways to uplift awareness in his community regarding the conditions of ill health (Dawson, 1989). He will be able to indulge in a related activity or engage in charity work geared towards the same. 1. Give cards, with conditions that trigger Asthma, to the students to cut them apart. Begin with a related activity and challenge Tom to work in groups. Let the group members classify cards provided in a criterion that is comfortable to them. In case the members are not able to classify a few of the cards allow a quick research on the internet through a computer. This is to ensure that the students, especially Tom, come up with solutions of their own. 2. Lead a discussion to help the students to compare and contrast. At this point they can be made familiar on the condition

Microeconomics as a Branch of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Microeconomics as a Branch of Economics - Essay Example The graph shows the relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue, and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P. A monopoly may want to reduce output from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale may occur leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may lead to an increase in monopolist output from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. This may lead to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004). The reasons why there is no supply curve for a monopoly is because, in a monopoly market structure, the market is under the control of a single supplier, hence no need for supply curve (Dwivedi, 2006). (b)A gardener states that for only $1 in seeds, she has been able to grow over $20 produce-enormous profits. Do you agree or disagree with her/ explain? Yes, I agree with her because if she was operating in a monopolistic competition, it is possible to earn enormous profits in the short run as shown in the diagram. The graph shows the relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue, and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P.   A monopoly may want to reduce output from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale may occur leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may lead to an increase in monopolist output from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. This may lead to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004).The reasons why there is no supply curve for a monopoly is because, in a monopoly market structure, the market is under the control of a single supplier, hence no need for supply curve (Dwivedi, 2006).

U choose a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U choose a topic - Essay Example Advantages and Disadvantages of Specialization in U.S Firms Specialization is incorporating workers to do specific roles and tasks in their daily activities in a business establishment (Morroni 45). This is done with the aim of realizing maximum output hence maximum profits. There are various merits that may accompany specialized job designs if incorporated by United States of America Firms. Specialization saves a lot of time for both the business establishment and the workers. An employee does not waste time because they do not keep moving from one task to another since they are used to one process. As an employee continues to work on one process, they learn to perform their tasks faster, hence saving a lot of time. Specialization is also advantageous since firm will spend less in training. For example, if Firms such as General Motors incorporate specialization employees will be used to performing specific tasks hence they will perfect their skill requiring no training. On disadvant age that might face United State of America firms in the automobile industry is that it results in increased cost for the firms. The firm has to employ many workers to carry out the various specific duties in the business establishment which will result in the firms incurring a lot of operation costs hence reducing their profits. Specialization may also lead to employee demotivation hence reducing the firm’s income. ... is a long chain of command, and as the company grows so does management while a flat organization structure is where there are few levels of management where every level of management controls a huge group of workers (Jain p29). A tradition United States of America firm usually employs the tall organization structure. By analyzing the organization structure of automobile firms such as General Motors, one can see how traditional united States of America firm use tall organization structure. Management in such firms is designed in a way that there is a lot of hierarchies like in the military. There is superior management, which runs down vertically depending on the size of the firm. Characteristics that accompany this structure is that there is minimal relationship between the management of the firm and its workers. This causes problems in the company since employees are not able to relate freely with their supervisors. On the other hand, flat organization structure is applied in Japan ese firms. For example, Honda has put up a plant in Ohio U.S.A where t use non traditional methods of management where employees are allowed to question their managers or supervisors during their daily operations in the firm (384). This organization structure is beneficial to such companies since it allows for innovation since employees are free to do what is best for the company. This model allows for employee motivation of employees since they feel they are part of the organization since they relate to managers and supervisors as team leaders hence they do not have the fear that comes with a management style that represents authority. Culture and Relationship Coordination Japanese firms such as Toyota use relationship and relationship as a coordination mechanism to ensure that the firm

Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay

Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay When you are going to perform any task in your work or personal life, you will need to train at the best you can and try to gain the knowledge that will enable you to handle the work or the task properly. Training will help to improve your performance and get ready to handle something you were not aware how to handle but in this case you will have to choose the appropriate technique and method for your training. Human Resources Management includes different activities like, planning how to recruit the staff that you need as per what your organization needs, interviewing and selecting them, making sure they have the right skills and the knowledge to perform the job they are selected for with the best they can so they increase the works performance and meet with the company goals and objectives, managing their benefits and compensation, planning for their bonuses and motivations periodically, managing and keeping their records, and the most important aspect which how to train them using all the training methods and techniques in order for them to capture the appropriate information, knowledge and skills related to their new job that will lead to developing the personnel who will be working in the company therefore developing the organization. We are going to speak into depth on one of the most effective and most frequently used types of training On the job training. On the job training does ha ve so many advantages that helps meet the expectations of the training, but it can also have few disadvantages if it is not properly planned and executed. The bottom-line: You need to train people, you need to train them quickly, and you need to find a low-cost, yet effective way to do that. You also need to improve morale and develop responsible, loyal, high-performing employees. And, you know that the old way of training people on-the-job i.e., the degenerating buddy system, follow Joe around, or unstructured OJT simply does not workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Team OJT, HPA, 2008) On the job training is one of the best methods of training. For most of the employees, On the job training forms the most important part of their learning and development when they first join the company. It will keep them in a close contact with their colleagues and that will help forming a strong spirit among the team. Usually, this type of training is planned by the supervisor or manager, its their responsibility to use the available resources and benefit from their best existing staff experience and skills to develop their new employees. To successfully organize it, they need to assign one the best performing employees to be the coach for the new joiner. The trainee will be using the same equipments, materials and tools that he will use when performing his real job. Its an effective way where the trainee acquires the knowledge and skills at the actual work place. The trainee will learn by watching and observing someone very well experienced doing the job in the real work location. Most of the trainees find it more practical and more effective when learning directly from their colleagues instead of learning through materials in training classes. This training is effective as it is delivered before the new employee starts performing the actual and real job in the workplace like that, the trainee will be able to practice the real job in the workplace he will be working in and he/she will be having an immediate feedback on the challenges that he/she will be facing. Also, when one of the colleagues is coaching the new member this will help him integrate into the team. On the job training is also a benefit for the organization as it is generally cost effective since they dont have to organize a special and separate training for the new joiners. The new employee will be joining the team and using the tools and equipments they are using and no extra equipments will be needed. It works very well for the organization as the On the job training will be held in the same working hours and no training periods is dedicated for training the new employees and that usually have a training allowance which may be lower than the regular pay scale for the job. And the trainee might not have to travel to another location for the training. He or she will be in the same work place as the manager and that will enable the manager to give an instant feedback leading the new employee to grow faster in the job. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦OJT is regularly low-cost as no particular tools are required other than from what is usually applied on the job (Gubman, 1998) The new employees will have more confidence when they are being trained in their actual work location among their colleagues or team members, they will live and feel the real work environment, getting to know more the people they will be working with and the manager they will be dealing with, building expectations and getting motivated by how fast they can prove themselves and build a good relation and trust. They will feel more comfortable and at ease when they are trained with people they know rather than strangers who are holding and teaching a training course and do not know much about the work challenges more than an colleagues performing and facing real challenges every working day. Its an interface between the learning and work environment, like a transition from university to work. On the job training is productive as the employees will be working while they are learning and they will allow them to have more confidence hence working on a high standard. On the other hand, when the On the job training is not planned properly, It can not be executed properly. And the trainee will get a vague picture of the company as he will be receiving missing or wrong information. It may sometimes overload the trainee with so much information when too much information is provided in the training session. The trainer should have the knowledge and experience to train someone else. Providing the new comer with the knowledge that he/she will refer to when they are actually working is very important and critical. The trainer should have the teaching and coaching skills to provide the correct and most accurate information to the new joiner and prevent providing any misleading information or bad habits. Having someone from the existing employees coaching a new employee is very critical as the supervisor or manager who assigned this person for this task should ensure that this assignee does not have bad habits to avoid passing it to the trainee. The trainer might provide instructions based on how they feel and whats important to them. But what is important to them, it may not be important to another or for the work of the organization. Also, if the trainer does not have a structured plan, he/she might miss or forget to cover some important points which may lead the trainee to incomplete info rmation. While attending On the job training, sometimes the trainer will miss out covering in details and accuracy some theories of the operation and the trainee will be missing very important information. As the new employee is having a lack in his knowledge base which will lead to a poor decision making and it will be difficult for him facing some daily challenges when things are not going exactly as they learned. If the trainer was not the right person for the job, he might lead the trainee to bad habits and attitudes as the new employee will be adopting the same habits in work, safety, customer service, and even his relationship with the management or colleagues. One of the major problems the trainer will be facing while holding the training, is being able to manage his job and tasks properly and at the same time being able to give the appropriate time to the trainee and giving him the attention he/she needs to be able to attend his queries and provide him/her with good knowledge base and experience as required, its very difficult to find the right person among the team to perform both the tasks equally and assigning the right time they need for each activity, they should be really careful not to pass the bad work habits and teach the learner accurate, relevant information and methods. Each employee requires more learning in order to improve his /her skills, no matter how best a candidate is, he/she can not be 100% percent qualifiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (American Society, 2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Thus, OJT is important both to the organization and the trainees who are being trained. OJT is beneficial to the organization in the manner that it offers cheap to carry out as the main resources required is time only. After which it offers the organizations with trained employees who understands well the organization culture objectives and goals. And thus able to achieve the much required high production and effective working. To the trainees, OJT offers them a practical and easy way of learning while they are working giving them a unique opportunity to practice what you have learnt. According to many scholars this is the best way of learning since offers the right tools and environment for learningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ruffini, F et al. 2000). The trainer may not have sufficient knowledge or skills then On the job training may be inappropriate and if its not done effectively, it can damage the work objectives. Its about finding the right person to perform this task. Leaving aside these disadvantages, On the job training can give benefit for both the company and the new employee. Since On-The Job Training is performed at the work place, the trainee will be focused on performing real job tasks and gaining real experience. Although On-The Job Training is often the most practical training method when you only need to train a couple of employees at a time but another training methods and techniques will be complementary to provide the new employee all the required skills and knowledge base about the products, services and systems in the organization.

Comparing the Movies Wall Street and Boiler Room Essay -- Film Compare

Comparing the Movies 'Wall Street' and 'Boiler Room' Profit, profit and more profit - the golden pillars of capitalism. In the movies 'Wall Street' and 'Boiler Room' this is the ideology that the characters uphold. While, there are many variances in the two movies, the basic aim of both lead characters i.e. Gordan Gekko (Wall Street) and Seth Davis (Boiler Room) is to make money. Both men are stockbrokers who deal in high finance in the exclusive world of Wall Street. However, with both movies are set in different decades the way they go about doing so differs. 'Wall Street' is set in the 'roaring eighties' - a decade that has become synonymous with greed, the so-called era of plenty. With an economy just recovering from recession, as well as oil crises (which incidentally led to higher gas prices, that in turn led to the introduction of a nationwide speed limit in America). The eighties was the time that Regan took office and instituted his economic policies that were to pull America out of the recession and resuscitate its economy. His approach, known as 'Reganomics' - did in...

Georges Marvellous Medicine Essay

Roald Dahl is an imaginative writer and does create vivid images in the readers mind. i do agree with this statement. Roald Dahl has used many narrative techniques such as imagery, vocabulary and humours illustrations. Georges Marvellous Medicine should be read by all students, because of all the techniques and key features used. Georges Marvellous Medicine is a story about a young boy who’s tempted to do â€Å"something† about his so called â€Å"grandmother†, and by something he means searching around the house collecting all kinds of horrible ingredients that will make grandma disappear, but instead, of disappearing she gets bigger !.The story affects on themes such as groth, family, good people, bad people, understanding people jealousy and greed. An important theme is good people because, being evil / bad, doesn’t pay out later, what goes around comes around an example would be grandma to George. Roald Dahl was the best storyteller in the 20thcentury. He used fantastic plots that matched by the extraordinary events in his life. He played with the vocabulary, and invented his own words. Roald Dahl stories have brought delight to millions of people.He was born in Llandaff, Wales on September 13th 1916. His parents were Norwegian and he was the only son of a second marriage. His father Harald and his elder sister Astri died when Roald was only three. He remembered his mother as â€Å"a rock, a real rock, always on your side whatever you’d done. Roald Dahl died on the 23rd of November 1990. An interesting narrative technique Roald Dahl used to make his stories entertaining and creative were his own words / vocabulary. An example of them would be: Squigglers, jacky jumpers, heigh – nonny- no and spissing.These words present imagery which makes all Roald Dahl’s stories imaginative and entertaining. Italics is also another narrative technique style Roald Dahl used to emphasise a word. An example of an italic would be: No wonder, good. He slants these words, to make their voices have expression, for example, sarcasm. No wonder : Obviously he had left something out of the medicine. The illustrations by Quentin Blake are another narrative technique, used by Roald Dahl in his novel, Georges Marvellous Medicine. The illustrations help the reader to picture the key events and storyline.These illustrations are quick sketches, in black ink which support the fast rate in the storyline. An example would be, when Grandma hops out of her chair once George hands her the medicine. This book cover Georges Marvellous Medicine created and designed by Quentin Blake is effective as a visual text as it illustrates the key ideas in the novel. This book cover aims to target at children promoting a light and comical storyline and themes. For example, the childish font in the cream coloured box has forms of abstract and vector lines which would attract children’s attention.The large saucepan is a salience im age because of the size of the pan. It makes you wonder the many ingredients put into it and the power of this potion. The ladle on which George is holding, guides the viewers eyes around the book cover. This is a form of vector lines. In conclusion, Roald Dahl is an imaginative writer and does create vivid images in the readers mind. Roald Dahl’s novel Georges Marvellous Medicine is an entertaining and imaginative novel with its made up vocabulary and humorous illustrations.Quentin Blake, the creative illustrator of this novel. is one of the finest illustrators in children’s literature. His illustrations are original and easy to follow. Once again, Georges Marvellous Medicine, by Roald Dahl is an entertaining novel and should be read by all students because of all the key features used. The moral / coda of the book Georges Marvellous Medicine, is that grandma had learnt her lesson for being so cruel and wicked to George, as they say, what goes around comes around.

7 Ways to Kick Start the Writing Habit

7 Ways to Kick Start the Writing Habit 7 Ways to Kick Start the Writing Habit 7 Ways to Kick Start the Writing Habit By Daniel Scocco Sometime ago I came across an interesting post on Freelance Folder outlining seven ways to get your creative juices flowing. If you have been writing for a while, you know that getting out of the occasional writers block is a challenging task. Below you will find the seven tips, I am pretty sure they will be useful. Write nothing but headlines Write ‘crap’ without feeling guilty Schedule regular time and show up, even if you think you can’t write Write about how you solved a problem Edit older articles Type out other people’s articles Write something right now If you want more tips we have also covered this topic in the past, check out: How to Bypass Your Internal Editor Write Super Fast How to Start Writing When You Don’t Feel Like It Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Power and Corruption in Frank Kafka essays

Power and Corruption in Frank Kafka essays The Trial is, on the surface, the story of a man who works at a bank, Josef K., who wakes up one day to find that he is being charged on an unspecified charge. The story relates his court case, his attempts to prove his innocence, and his eventual death. K. is morally detached from his society but also knows how to play the social game very skilfully to maintain his total detachment from all social conventions and formalities. Under the surface, however, this rough seeming novel has deeper meanings. It is the story of an individuals struggle, against corruption, against a faceless and petty power, and against himself. Through all the events leading up to K.s death, much is said about the court he is on trial in, but little is explained. Kafka appeared quite contemptuous in his opinion of law and power. Throughout the novel, most of the characters speak of the law courts in an awed manner, but the reality that we see is very different. The Examining Magistrate spends his time during the trials reading pornographic novels, and Titorelli, the court painter, tells K. that none of the Judges are very important or intelligent at all, theyre just exceedingly vain. Kafka also writes of the law courts lack of concern about the public. When walking through the law courts, K. stumbles over a step that has been placed beyond a door. They dont show much consideration for the public, K. said. They show no consideration of any kind, replied the Law-Court Attendant. K. visits an Advocate, a man who through his influence with officials in the court, can manage to get their client acquitted. His advocate, Herr Huld, assures him that his case is moving forward satisfactorily, but K. is unsatisfied, and soon dismisses him to move forward on his own. The law court has a huge amount of power. They are able to, for incomprehensible reasons, charge any perso...

Involvement and Consistency PowerPoint Presentation

Involvement and Consistency - PowerPoint Presentation Example Business organization is ongoing and involves everyone planning in our in the process to some degree. TEAM ORIENTATION Cooperation and collaboration across functional roles are actively encouraged in this organization. Working in this organization is like being part of a team. This organization relies on horizontal control and coordination to get work done, rather than hierarchy. Teams are primary building blocks of this organization. Work is sensibly organized in this company so that each person can see the relationship between his/her work and the goals of the organization. CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT This organization delegates authority so that people can act on their own. The "bench strength" of this organization is constantly improving. This organization continuously invests in the skills of its employees. The capability of people in this organization is viewed as an important source of competitive advantage. Problems seldom arise in this organization because we have the skills nece ssary to do the job.

Describe in DETAIL the A-B-C-D-E therapeutic approach of REBT Essay

Describe in DETAIL the A-B-C-D-E therapeutic approach of REBT - Essay Example The thesis below will discuss the A-B-C-D-E therapeutic approach of REBT in details. Ellis formulated the therapeutic approach method to help solve psychological problems easily. The core method is used in the first and the subsequent sessions where the therapist explains each session. Letter A in the sequence is the activation event that elicits stress or worry. The worries caused by bad performance at work, lack of confidence that propels the victim to a counselor. B represents the belief system. There are two types of beliefs rational and irrational (Sharf, 2011). Irrational behaviors are exaggerated and leads to disturbed feeling that do not help victims reach their goals. However, it is important to identify irrational behaviors early so that they can be solved. C stands for consequences of the irrational behavior (Sharf, 2011). People with negative thoughts may repeat these thoughts creating a condition known as rumination that acts like self-programming trigger. People with the repeated negative thinking may seclude themselves hence the need for such to replace the irrational thinking with positive thoughts that can make one to address problems reasonably (Sharf, 2011). D represents disputing irrational behaviors. Therapists must challenge the client belief directly. This way, the client can substitute negative thinking with more realistic ways of solving problems. E represents the client’s way of interpreting the situation. If the treatment is effective, the client loses the pessimism, anxiety, distress, and starts focusing on practical ways to solve problems (Sharf, 2011). The clients resume into their normal self and starts making reachable

Moral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Moral - Essay Example In addition, the public and the school are also involved because they do not support abortion. Jane has a moral stake of admitting that she has been eavesdropping on the conversation of her best friend, and act that is ethically wrong. She should be a loyal friend to Sue, who does not invade her privacy without her knowledge. In addition, Jane has a moral stake of revealing that Sue and her younger brother have been sexually active and that Sue is considering an abortion. The school has a moral stake because it needs to maintain high levels of morality and a remarkable reputation. Without a doubt, the moral stakes of Jane and Sue are conflicting. If Jane decides to admit that she has been eavesdropping on Sue, their friendship will be compromised due to the invasion of privacy. In addition, if Jane decides to tell the truth about Sue’s plan of carrying out an abortion, she will also be putting the interests of her brother at risk. On the other hand, Sue’s moral stake in volves telling the truth that she has been sexually active and taking responsibility of her actions by keeping the baby. Sue also needs to identify the real father of her unborn child. It is Sue’s right to expect her phone call conversations to be entirely private (Fink, 2008). Assuming you are a deontologist like W.D. Ross, how would you weigh the different moral stakes, interests, or duties against each other? That is, are some moral stakes â€Å"weightier† than others? Are some moral considerations or interests or stakes more important than others? Can you rank them? From the case study, it is evident that Sue’s right to privacy is not as important as a violation of a moral law and taking one’s life through an abortion. In addition, Sue’s right to privacy appears to be less important than her indulgence in irresponsible sexual activity and secretly considering an abortion. In the case of Jane, invasion of privacy appears to be a less important issue than exposing the truth,

The crucible - oral assignment Essay Example for Free

The crucible oral assignment Essay 1. There are many strengths and weaknesses of both these people. The way they act to other people and their reaction in certain situations both give you information about what has happened in the past, but also adds drama to the play. Elizabeth Proctor has loyalty to people she loves, you can see her love for John when she says oh! I forgot! I will tomorrow. She said this after John asked her about putting some flowers in the house to brighten it up. This shows that she wants to please him, because she believes that it is slightly her fault for what John did with Abigail. This loyalty could be seen as strength and a weakness, its a strength to their relationship because John Proctor will always know he has somebody to help him and believe in him. It could also be a weakness because if she believes in him too much, and he does start to have feelings for Abigail again. Then she would never trust in him again and feel ignorant for believing in John in the first place. If she stands by John for too long and he starts to fall under the pressure she will go down with him and be seen as outcasts from Salem. Some of her other strengths are that she is very honest, and even though she is portrayed as a cold woman, she has strong feelings for John and her children. When she says things like I mean to please you, John, you can tell that she is really a tender loving person, but their marriage has been facing a few problems over the years. One of her weaknesses is that she tries to take charge of some of the situations which is good, but when it is involving her husband and her trials then she can begin to become more forceful. This side of her is shown when she says and what of tomorrow? She will cry me out until they take me! John on the other hand has different strengths because his character is very strong and forceful in some ways but in other ways he becomes very weak. These are normally to do with his affair with Abigail; he still loves her although he does not want to love her. This relationship between John Proctor and Abigail causes Proctor many times in the play to hesitate taking action in clearing the good names of the many townspeople that Abigail has accused as being linked with the Devil . These weaknesses will show when he is trying to get Elizabeth out of prison and must admit to the court about his secret relationship with Abigail, this in itself will make him an outcast and would signal his downfall as well as Elizabeths. He has many strengths though because of he is the only person in the play who can see that the girls are just making this up. He can tell that what the people are saying is for their personal satisfaction, such as the Putnams with their children being supposedly killed. Even though he is the only character that acts this way he doesnt testify until the end of the play because he does not want to disgrace his name. These are the main strengths and weaknesses of the two characters. 2. The relationship between John and Elizabeth Proctor is very distant; this is mainly because of the affair with Abigail and John Proctors lechery. In there relationship you have a distinct feeling that they are both trying to praise each other and give all they can to the other one. Elizabeth Proctor is a very honest woman and stays by John even in the midst of his adulterous affair. Although Elizabeth is portrayed as cold and aloof at times, she is a dedicated and devoted wife and mother. The fact that she loves her husband becomes obvious when she is brought into the court to verify John Proctors affair with Abigail. She wants to protect him from being punished for adultery and for that reason lies. You can also see this loving relationship in John when he tells Elizabeth I mean to please you Elizabeth, and she replies I know it John. This shows that they really do love each other, but because of the affair Elizabeth feels as if she cannot trust John yet. This is why they do not share their love physically but more verbally in the play. There is love between the two and even after all that has happened they still live with each other, although you have to question whether John is doing this so no to lose his reputation in the village which he cares so deeply about. Also the laws about marriage and divorce in Salem, Massachusetts were very strict and if these two wanted to separate they would have to explain why because the puritans believed that marriage was binding and should last as long as they lived. Their marriage is real although they are going through some rough times and a separation would have seemed easier to deal with. These two people have stayed together to help each other but they are also helping their own image in the town by keeping this quiet. Although it doesnt stay this way throughout the play and near the end when the secret comes out they stand by each other and try to help each other as much as they can. 3. In Act two there are many parts were you feel sympathetic for both John and Elizabeth Proctor. This is because you learn more about their past and find out what has happened in their lives. This is a technique that Arthur Miller uses a lot in the play to describe the characters and to give the reader or actor more information about the person in general. Elizabeth is normally given more sympathy because she is the victim in her husbands affair. John is seen as a hero and given admiration but this is only because he is trying to save his husband and wants the rest of the people to be released. Some would sympathise for him because of the way he has to risk his reputation in saving all these people. Even though it is his fault for getting into the situation in the first place by having the affair, but if the affair was never found out then the consequences would be very different. Miller has tried to make people sympathise for John more by changing Johns age from 60 to 30 and Abigails age from 11 to 17 as to not make people think he is somewhat a paedophile. There is some admiration for Elizabeth as well because she takes control of the scene and stands up to John about Abigail and how she has been talked about in the court. John loses some of his control and his is not really sympathised because he could stop all these people going to prison and being hung. He is somewhat cowardice and vain because he only cares about his reputation if the town finds out what happened between him and Abigail. I think that the reader would be more sympathetic towards Elizabeth because she is being targeted by Abigail and even though she has support from John he is not going to tarnish his name by telling the people of Salem about his actions with Abigail. This is mainly why I think Elizabeth is sympathised more.

Object oriented programming with subclasses

Object oriented programming with subclasses Inheritance Polymorphism Given Person class definition below: class Person { private String name; Person(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } } Design two subclasses of Person, named Student and Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. An instance of Student has a class status (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior). Declare the status as constants in the Student class. An instance of Employee has a department, salary, and date-hired. Define a class named MyDate that contains fields of the year, month, and day. A faculty member has office hours and a rank (lecturer, senior lecturer, associate professor, and professor). A staff member has a position title. Override the toString() method in Person class to display the class name and the persons name. Student class to display class name, students name and class status. Employee class to display class name, employees name, and department Faculty class to display class name, employees name, office hours and rank Staff class to display class name, employees name, position title Draw a class diagram to represent the relationship of the classes above. Using Java to write and implement the classes with regard to the class diagram. Write a test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff, and invokes their toString() method. Write another test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff in an array of Object. Use a repetition statement to call its toString() method. Modify the classes in question (1) above: Add a package ctb2209.p7 to Person class, and then compile all the classes again. Explain the errors and fix it. Design a class named Square that contains data fields for height, width, and an abstract method named computeSurfaceArea(). Create a child class named Cube. Cube contains an additional data field named depth, and overrides computeSurfaceArea() method inherited from its parent method. Implement all the classes. Write an application that instantiates objects of Square and Cube in an array and displays the surface areas of each object using iteration, and test all the methods of all the objects. Create an abstract AutoMobile class with fields for the car make and price. Include get and set methods for these fields; the calculatePrice() method is abstract. Create two subclasses for individual automobile makers (for example, Ford or Honda), and include appropriate calculatePrice() method in each subclass (for example, RM110,000 or RM120,000 respectively). Finally, write an application that uses the AutoMobile class as reference type and instantiate objects of its subclasses to display information about different cars. Save the files as AutoMobile.java, Ford.java, Honda.java and UseAutoMobile.java. Create an interface called Player. The interface has an abstract method called play() that displays a message describing the meaning of play to the class. Create classes called Child, Musician, and Actor that implement Player interface. Create an application that demonstrates the use of the classes. Save the files as Player.java, Child.java, Actor.java, Musician.java, and UsePlayer.java. Sunway Construction Loan Corporate makes loans of up to RM100,000,000,000 for construction projects. There are two categories of Loans those to businesses and those to individual applicants. Write an application that tracks all new construction loans. The application must also calculate the total amount owed at the due date (original loan amount + loan fee). The application should include the following classes: LoanConstants A public interface class. LoanConstants includes constant values for short-term (one year), medium-term (three years), and long-term (five years) loans. It also contains constants for the company name and the maximum loan amount. Loan A public abstract class that implements the LoanConstants interface. A Loan includes a loan number, customer last name, amount of loan, interest rate, and term. The constructor requires data for each of the fields except interest rate. Do not allow loan amounts over RM100,000,000,000. Force any loan term that is not one of the three defined in the LoanConstants class to a short-term (one-year) loan. Create a toString() method that displays all the loan data. BusinessLoan A public class that extends Loan. The BusinessLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 1% over the current basic interest rate. PersonalLoan A public class that extends Loan. The PersonalLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 2% over the current basic interest rate. CreateLoans An application that creates an array of five Loans. Prompt that user for the current basic interest rate. Then, in a loop, prompt the user for a loan type and all relevant information for that loan. Store the created Loan objects in the array. When data entry is complete, display all the loans. Save the files as Loan.java, LoanConstants.java, BusinessLoan.java, PersonalLoan.java, and CreateLoans.java. [Note: java.util.Date and java.text.SimpleDateFormat may needed for your total amount owed at the due date calculation, you may look at the usage of format() and parse() methods of SimplateDateFormat class]

Eureka! :: Australian History Essays

Eureka! Nearly four decades after the events at Eureka Stockade, Henry Lawson marked the death of the battle's leader, Peter Lalor, with an anti-establishment piece of verse, 'Eureka!'. In this and other poems such as his first, 'The Republic', 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' and 'Freedom of the Wallaby', Lawson may well have been trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. To many, the Eureka rebellion of the 3rd of December 1854 is a defining moment in Australian history. It is not surprising that the legendary Australian poet, Henry Lawson (1867-1922), wrote about an event of such national trauma - as many others have in the years since - more than 100 works according to one source (Austlit website). He wrote 'Eureka!' (Lee 25) in 1889, to mark Eureka hero Peter Lalor's death, and also penned 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' (Cronin 115) the following year. Both could be described as anti-establishment, as were many others of his poems such as the first published verse, 'The Republican' (Cronin 39), and 'Freedom on the Wallaby' (Cronin 146) about the Barcaldine (Qld) shearers' strike. As we shall see below, Lawson was trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. At the Victorian mining site of Eureka, Lalor led miners in battle against government troops over the cost of licences and other issues. Thirty-four miners and six troops died at Eureka Stockade, in what is seen by some as a battle for the 'concept of fair play and equal opportunity' (Heritage website). Some get more passionate: the National republicans describe it as a 'patriotic struggle bathed in Australian blood' (alphalink website). The miners also carried a blue and white Southern Cross flag which has become an important anti-establishment symbol. Lalor, who lost an arm, and the other survivors were acquitted. He went on to become a Member of the Legislative Council and was its Speaker when he died in 1889. Henry Lawson was born 13 years after Eureka in 1867 in a tent on the Grenfell (NSW) goldfields, his father a former Norse sailor and his mother from a Kentish gypsy family, according to Wright (viii) in a foreword to a Lawson anthology. He goes on to say that 'at 21, Lawson was probably the most remarkable writer of verse in Australia' (ix).