Moral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Moral - Essay Example In addition, the public and the school are also involved because they do not support abortion. Jane has a moral stake of admitting that she has been eavesdropping on the conversation of her best friend, and act that is ethically wrong. She should be a loyal friend to Sue, who does not invade her privacy without her knowledge. In addition, Jane has a moral stake of revealing that Sue and her younger brother have been sexually active and that Sue is considering an abortion. The school has a moral stake because it needs to maintain high levels of morality and a remarkable reputation. Without a doubt, the moral stakes of Jane and Sue are conflicting. If Jane decides to admit that she has been eavesdropping on Sue, their friendship will be compromised due to the invasion of privacy. In addition, if Jane decides to tell the truth about Sue’s plan of carrying out an abortion, she will also be putting the interests of her brother at risk. On the other hand, Sue’s moral stake in volves telling the truth that she has been sexually active and taking responsibility of her actions by keeping the baby. Sue also needs to identify the real father of her unborn child. It is Sue’s right to expect her phone call conversations to be entirely private (Fink, 2008). Assuming you are a deontologist like W.D. Ross, how would you weigh the different moral stakes, interests, or duties against each other? That is, are some moral stakes â€Å"weightier† than others? Are some moral considerations or interests or stakes more important than others? Can you rank them? From the case study, it is evident that Sue’s right to privacy is not as important as a violation of a moral law and taking one’s life through an abortion. In addition, Sue’s right to privacy appears to be less important than her indulgence in irresponsible sexual activity and secretly considering an abortion. In the case of Jane, invasion of privacy appears to be a less important issue than exposing the truth,

The crucible - oral assignment Essay Example for Free

The crucible oral assignment Essay 1. There are many strengths and weaknesses of both these people. The way they act to other people and their reaction in certain situations both give you information about what has happened in the past, but also adds drama to the play. Elizabeth Proctor has loyalty to people she loves, you can see her love for John when she says oh! I forgot! I will tomorrow. She said this after John asked her about putting some flowers in the house to brighten it up. This shows that she wants to please him, because she believes that it is slightly her fault for what John did with Abigail. This loyalty could be seen as strength and a weakness, its a strength to their relationship because John Proctor will always know he has somebody to help him and believe in him. It could also be a weakness because if she believes in him too much, and he does start to have feelings for Abigail again. Then she would never trust in him again and feel ignorant for believing in John in the first place. If she stands by John for too long and he starts to fall under the pressure she will go down with him and be seen as outcasts from Salem. Some of her other strengths are that she is very honest, and even though she is portrayed as a cold woman, she has strong feelings for John and her children. When she says things like I mean to please you, John, you can tell that she is really a tender loving person, but their marriage has been facing a few problems over the years. One of her weaknesses is that she tries to take charge of some of the situations which is good, but when it is involving her husband and her trials then she can begin to become more forceful. This side of her is shown when she says and what of tomorrow? She will cry me out until they take me! John on the other hand has different strengths because his character is very strong and forceful in some ways but in other ways he becomes very weak. These are normally to do with his affair with Abigail; he still loves her although he does not want to love her. This relationship between John Proctor and Abigail causes Proctor many times in the play to hesitate taking action in clearing the good names of the many townspeople that Abigail has accused as being linked with the Devil . These weaknesses will show when he is trying to get Elizabeth out of prison and must admit to the court about his secret relationship with Abigail, this in itself will make him an outcast and would signal his downfall as well as Elizabeths. He has many strengths though because of he is the only person in the play who can see that the girls are just making this up. He can tell that what the people are saying is for their personal satisfaction, such as the Putnams with their children being supposedly killed. Even though he is the only character that acts this way he doesnt testify until the end of the play because he does not want to disgrace his name. These are the main strengths and weaknesses of the two characters. 2. The relationship between John and Elizabeth Proctor is very distant; this is mainly because of the affair with Abigail and John Proctors lechery. In there relationship you have a distinct feeling that they are both trying to praise each other and give all they can to the other one. Elizabeth Proctor is a very honest woman and stays by John even in the midst of his adulterous affair. Although Elizabeth is portrayed as cold and aloof at times, she is a dedicated and devoted wife and mother. The fact that she loves her husband becomes obvious when she is brought into the court to verify John Proctors affair with Abigail. She wants to protect him from being punished for adultery and for that reason lies. You can also see this loving relationship in John when he tells Elizabeth I mean to please you Elizabeth, and she replies I know it John. This shows that they really do love each other, but because of the affair Elizabeth feels as if she cannot trust John yet. This is why they do not share their love physically but more verbally in the play. There is love between the two and even after all that has happened they still live with each other, although you have to question whether John is doing this so no to lose his reputation in the village which he cares so deeply about. Also the laws about marriage and divorce in Salem, Massachusetts were very strict and if these two wanted to separate they would have to explain why because the puritans believed that marriage was binding and should last as long as they lived. Their marriage is real although they are going through some rough times and a separation would have seemed easier to deal with. These two people have stayed together to help each other but they are also helping their own image in the town by keeping this quiet. Although it doesnt stay this way throughout the play and near the end when the secret comes out they stand by each other and try to help each other as much as they can. 3. In Act two there are many parts were you feel sympathetic for both John and Elizabeth Proctor. This is because you learn more about their past and find out what has happened in their lives. This is a technique that Arthur Miller uses a lot in the play to describe the characters and to give the reader or actor more information about the person in general. Elizabeth is normally given more sympathy because she is the victim in her husbands affair. John is seen as a hero and given admiration but this is only because he is trying to save his husband and wants the rest of the people to be released. Some would sympathise for him because of the way he has to risk his reputation in saving all these people. Even though it is his fault for getting into the situation in the first place by having the affair, but if the affair was never found out then the consequences would be very different. Miller has tried to make people sympathise for John more by changing Johns age from 60 to 30 and Abigails age from 11 to 17 as to not make people think he is somewhat a paedophile. There is some admiration for Elizabeth as well because she takes control of the scene and stands up to John about Abigail and how she has been talked about in the court. John loses some of his control and his is not really sympathised because he could stop all these people going to prison and being hung. He is somewhat cowardice and vain because he only cares about his reputation if the town finds out what happened between him and Abigail. I think that the reader would be more sympathetic towards Elizabeth because she is being targeted by Abigail and even though she has support from John he is not going to tarnish his name by telling the people of Salem about his actions with Abigail. This is mainly why I think Elizabeth is sympathised more.

Object oriented programming with subclasses

Object oriented programming with subclasses Inheritance Polymorphism Given Person class definition below: class Person { private String name; Person(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } } Design two subclasses of Person, named Student and Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. An instance of Student has a class status (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior). Declare the status as constants in the Student class. An instance of Employee has a department, salary, and date-hired. Define a class named MyDate that contains fields of the year, month, and day. A faculty member has office hours and a rank (lecturer, senior lecturer, associate professor, and professor). A staff member has a position title. Override the toString() method in Person class to display the class name and the persons name. Student class to display class name, students name and class status. Employee class to display class name, employees name, and department Faculty class to display class name, employees name, office hours and rank Staff class to display class name, employees name, position title Draw a class diagram to represent the relationship of the classes above. Using Java to write and implement the classes with regard to the class diagram. Write a test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff, and invokes their toString() method. Write another test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff in an array of Object. Use a repetition statement to call its toString() method. Modify the classes in question (1) above: Add a package ctb2209.p7 to Person class, and then compile all the classes again. Explain the errors and fix it. Design a class named Square that contains data fields for height, width, and an abstract method named computeSurfaceArea(). Create a child class named Cube. Cube contains an additional data field named depth, and overrides computeSurfaceArea() method inherited from its parent method. Implement all the classes. Write an application that instantiates objects of Square and Cube in an array and displays the surface areas of each object using iteration, and test all the methods of all the objects. Create an abstract AutoMobile class with fields for the car make and price. Include get and set methods for these fields; the calculatePrice() method is abstract. Create two subclasses for individual automobile makers (for example, Ford or Honda), and include appropriate calculatePrice() method in each subclass (for example, RM110,000 or RM120,000 respectively). Finally, write an application that uses the AutoMobile class as reference type and instantiate objects of its subclasses to display information about different cars. Save the files as AutoMobile.java, Ford.java, Honda.java and UseAutoMobile.java. Create an interface called Player. The interface has an abstract method called play() that displays a message describing the meaning of play to the class. Create classes called Child, Musician, and Actor that implement Player interface. Create an application that demonstrates the use of the classes. Save the files as Player.java, Child.java, Actor.java, Musician.java, and UsePlayer.java. Sunway Construction Loan Corporate makes loans of up to RM100,000,000,000 for construction projects. There are two categories of Loans those to businesses and those to individual applicants. Write an application that tracks all new construction loans. The application must also calculate the total amount owed at the due date (original loan amount + loan fee). The application should include the following classes: LoanConstants A public interface class. LoanConstants includes constant values for short-term (one year), medium-term (three years), and long-term (five years) loans. It also contains constants for the company name and the maximum loan amount. Loan A public abstract class that implements the LoanConstants interface. A Loan includes a loan number, customer last name, amount of loan, interest rate, and term. The constructor requires data for each of the fields except interest rate. Do not allow loan amounts over RM100,000,000,000. Force any loan term that is not one of the three defined in the LoanConstants class to a short-term (one-year) loan. Create a toString() method that displays all the loan data. BusinessLoan A public class that extends Loan. The BusinessLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 1% over the current basic interest rate. PersonalLoan A public class that extends Loan. The PersonalLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 2% over the current basic interest rate. CreateLoans An application that creates an array of five Loans. Prompt that user for the current basic interest rate. Then, in a loop, prompt the user for a loan type and all relevant information for that loan. Store the created Loan objects in the array. When data entry is complete, display all the loans. Save the files as Loan.java, LoanConstants.java, BusinessLoan.java, PersonalLoan.java, and CreateLoans.java. [Note: java.util.Date and java.text.SimpleDateFormat may needed for your total amount owed at the due date calculation, you may look at the usage of format() and parse() methods of SimplateDateFormat class]

Eureka! :: Australian History Essays

Eureka! Nearly four decades after the events at Eureka Stockade, Henry Lawson marked the death of the battle's leader, Peter Lalor, with an anti-establishment piece of verse, 'Eureka!'. In this and other poems such as his first, 'The Republic', 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' and 'Freedom of the Wallaby', Lawson may well have been trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. To many, the Eureka rebellion of the 3rd of December 1854 is a defining moment in Australian history. It is not surprising that the legendary Australian poet, Henry Lawson (1867-1922), wrote about an event of such national trauma - as many others have in the years since - more than 100 works according to one source (Austlit website). He wrote 'Eureka!' (Lee 25) in 1889, to mark Eureka hero Peter Lalor's death, and also penned 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' (Cronin 115) the following year. Both could be described as anti-establishment, as were many others of his poems such as the first published verse, 'The Republican' (Cronin 39), and 'Freedom on the Wallaby' (Cronin 146) about the Barcaldine (Qld) shearers' strike. As we shall see below, Lawson was trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. At the Victorian mining site of Eureka, Lalor led miners in battle against government troops over the cost of licences and other issues. Thirty-four miners and six troops died at Eureka Stockade, in what is seen by some as a battle for the 'concept of fair play and equal opportunity' (Heritage website). Some get more passionate: the National republicans describe it as a 'patriotic struggle bathed in Australian blood' (alphalink website). The miners also carried a blue and white Southern Cross flag which has become an important anti-establishment symbol. Lalor, who lost an arm, and the other survivors were acquitted. He went on to become a Member of the Legislative Council and was its Speaker when he died in 1889. Henry Lawson was born 13 years after Eureka in 1867 in a tent on the Grenfell (NSW) goldfields, his father a former Norse sailor and his mother from a Kentish gypsy family, according to Wright (viii) in a foreword to a Lawson anthology. He goes on to say that 'at 21, Lawson was probably the most remarkable writer of verse in Australia' (ix).

Customer and Zara Essay

First of all, Inditex tries to tackle cannibalization by differentiating the brands mainly through the product, target markets (customer groups and countries), store presentation and retail image. And in 2008, the percentage of the growth in sales compared to 2007 is 9%, it means that Zara has been successful by meeting the ‘risk of cannibalization’. Compare with the other competitors, Inditex has some advantages. For example, the first one is the repeat visits. An average high-street store in Spain expects customers to visit 3 times a year, but that figure will be up to 17 times for Zara. And Zara can offer considerably more products than similar companies. It launches about 30,000 model items .annually compared with 10,000 items for its key competitors. Zara is also good at the speed. The company can design a new product and have finished goods in its stores in four to five weeks; it can modify existing items in as little as two weeks. In my opinion, the key point of them is making more repeat visits. For achieve this purpose, ZARA uses two methods- Shortening the product life cycle, â€Å"More model and less quantity.† Shortening the product life cycle means greater success in meeting consumer preferences. If a design doesn’t sell well within a week it is withdrawn from shops, further orders are cancelled and a new design is pursued. No design stays on the shop floor for more than four weeks, which encourages Zara fans to make repeat visits. As you know, we can usually find that there are only two or three pieces of each model in Zara’s shops. And they won’t replenish when its sold out. Like the limited release of stamp increase its value. It has increased more fans of Zara by this way. The most important is that Zara has the ability to recognize and assimilate the continuous changes in fashion, rapidly designing new models that respond to customer needs and wants. Zara uses its flexible business model to adapt to changes occurring during a season, reacting to them by bringing new products to the stores in a short time. For Zara the keys to global competitiveness are the time factor and the ability to adapt the offer precisely and quickly to the customer desires. I think this is the reason why Zara can be successful by meeting the â€Å"risk of cannibalization†.

Is Carbon Dating Accurate essays

Is Carbon Dating Accurate essays Carbon dating, used since 1948, is currently the main method of testing artifacts for age. My objective through this essay is to disprove the accuracy of the Carbon 14 dating method. William Libby invented carbon dating in 1948. It works on the principle that the carbon 14-C, is radioactive. It decays at a known rate called a half-life. This is balanced by the fact that 14-C is constantly produced in atmospheric reactions. Because of this, 14-C and its breakdown product 12-C, typically stay in balance. Carbon is passed between the ocean, atmosphere, and living things in the Carbon Cycle. When an animal dies it is taken out of the carbon cycle. After this, the proportion of 14-C to 12-C steadily declines. This supposedly allows one to date an object by the proportion of 14-C to 12-C. The problems of Carbon 14 dating are endless. A test in Science (vol. 141, page 636, August 16, 1963) showed the shell from a living mollusk to be dead for 3,000 years! Tests of Hawaiian lava flows known to be less than 200 years old have been dated up to 3 billion years old! The truth is, the time range for 14-C is unknown1! That is, the scientists themselves do not know the effective range for 14-C. Also, All carbon dates have a plus-minus probable error range. The older the item, the bigger the error range. An additional problem is that the true half-life of 14-C is unknown2! Scientists are drawing logical conclusions from an assumption of 14-Cs half-life!. Surrounding soil, water, vegetation and/or animal matter can even contaminate samples! When this contamination occurs, it mixes the date for the item with the date of the contaminant. Exacerbating this effect, non-living items cannot be dated! There is also the human subjectivity in carbon-14 dating. For instance, if someone found a 9.5 million year old human in an area where there was a ...

Student Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay

Student Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay Student: Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay Moldova From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the modern state. For the principality, see Moldavia. For other uses, see Moldova (disambiguation). Moldova i/mÉ”Ë lˈdoÊŠvÉ™/,[nb 1][nb 2] officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova pronounced [reˈpublika molˈdova]), also known as Moldavia,[10] is a landlocked[11] country in Eastern Europe located between Romania to its west andUkraine to its north, east and south. Its capital city is HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" \o "ChiÈ™inÄÆ'u" ChiÈ™inÄÆ'u. Moldova declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991 as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A new constitution was adopted July 29, 1994. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognised territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government ofTransnistria since 1990. As a result of a decrease in industrial and agricultural output since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the relative size of theservice sector in Moldova's economy has grown to dominate its GDP and currently stands at over 60%. Moldova remains, however, the poorest country in Europe.[11][12]Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is, among other organizations, a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country aspires to join the European Union[13] and, to this end, has implemented an initial three-year action plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP).[14] Etymology[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=1" \o "Edit section: Etymology" edit] Main article: Name of MoldovaThe name "Moldova" is derived from the Moldova River; the valley of this river was a political centre when the Principality of Moldavia was founded in 1359.[15] The origin of the name of the river is not clear. According to a legend recounted by Moldavian chroniclers HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" \o "Dimitrie Cantemir" Dimitrie Cantemir and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore_Ureche" \o "Grigore Ureche" Grigore Ureche, the river was named by prince HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drago%C8%99" \o "DragoÈ™" DragoÈ™ after hunting an aurochs: after the chase, his exhausted hound Molda drowned in the river. The dog's name was given to the river and extended to the Principality.[16]History[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=2" \o "Edit section: History" edit] Main article: History of MoldovaPrehistory[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=3" \o "Edit section: Prehistory" edit] In 2010, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldowan" \o "Oldowan" Oldowan flint tools were discovered at Bayraki that are 800,000-1.2 million years old. This demonstrates that early humans were present in Moldova during the early Paleolithic.[17] During the Neolithic stone age era, Moldova's territory was the centre of the large HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillian_culture" \o "Cucuteni-Trypillian culture" Cucuteni-Trypillian culture that stretched east beyond the Dniester River in Ukraine, and west up to and beyond the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. The inhabitants of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practiced agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, and made intricately designed pottery.[18]Antiquity and Middle Ages[ HYPERLINK

5 Simple Marketing Strategies for First-Time Authors

5 Simple Marketing Strategies for First-Time Authors 5 Simple Marketing Strategies for First-Time Authors Brent Jones recently  gave up his freelance career as a social media manager to pursue creative writing full-time. At the end of this past February, he published his debut novel,  The Fifteenth of June, and in  the following month, Brent has been focused on what he knows to be an equally important part of an author's job: marketing.  In this article, he  shares 5 simple marketing strategies that all first-time authors can (and should!) try, and how his efforts have already started to pay off. I had the good  fortune of hiring  Laura Mae Isaacman  to edit my book through Reedsy - she worked tirelessly to make my debut release,  The Fifteenth of June, as powerful as it could be. But no matter how great a book is, publishing it is only  half the battle. For new authors such as myself, it takes a lot of work to  market a novel and find our first readers. To quote Amy Collins, author of  The Write Way:â€Å"Writing a great book is a basic requirement for simply being allowed a chance to succeed in the marketplace.†I will be outlining in this post some of the launch strategies I used  to market my debut novel.This list is not intended to be exhaustive, and I am not an expert marketer of literary fiction. But there's a lot we can learn from  one another, and I hope to start a productive discussion in the comments below.Ready? "Publishing a book is only half the battle. The other half is marketing it." @AuthorBrentJ 1. Run a free Kindle promotion 685 people entered my giveaway, but more importantly,  300+ users added my book  to their  to-read  shelf. And when a user adds a book to one of his or her shelves, it appears as an update in their feed, meaning their friends on Goodreads  can see that they have added my book!Most of those 10 print copies have been delivered, so it will be interesting to see in the coming weeks how many of those winners read the book, write a review, or recommend it to a friend. One recipient, Denise Levendoski, has already written a glowing review of The Fifteenth of June on Goodreads.The bottom line?It's been about a month since I published my book, and  I've sold close to 100 copies of my book at regular price, not including revenue generated through the Kindle Unlimited Lending Library.As far as I'm concerned, I’m off to a great start, considering  some of my marketing initiatives, such as reaching out to book bloggers, haven't even begun to pay off. Not to mention that many who  downloaded  The Fifteenth of June  haven't read it yet.In the meantime, I'm focused on my next novel, which I intend to publish by  August. I've heard from other  self-published authors that it generally takes four titles to gain  some traction. Not true in every case, I suppose, but  a fair guideline nonetheless. "Writing and marketing is a tough balancing act, but must be maneuvered to succeed." @AuthorBrentJ It's a tough balancing act - writing and marketing - but both aspects of the job have to be maneuvered in equal measure if we, as writers, hope to be successful author-entrepreneurs.The Fifteenth of June is available in paperback from Amazon and on Amazon Kindle!Head to Brent's website  to subscribe to his newsletter, or follow him on Twitter for more!Have you tried any of Brent's marketing tips? How did they work for you? Or do you have marketing ideas for first-time authors that weren't included in the list?  Leave any thoughts, experiences, or questions for Brent  in the comments below.

Tranexamic acid and it's uses in pre-hospital an emergency medicine Research Paper

Tranexamic acid and it's uses in pre-hospital an emergency medicine - Research Paper Example The acid should not be used because it works against clots and hence activates intravascular coagulation and platelet usage. If a person with DIC is administered with the acid they end up having end-organ damage due to microvascular pathologies. The unwanted effects of the drug include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension and disturbances in vision. Tranexamic acid is used topically. The acid is excreted in the urine (Twycross et al, 2002). Tranexamic acid has lately been used in emergency medical scenarios. Even though hemostatic dressings and tourniquets have prevented conditions such as hemorrhagic shock, the usage of tranexamic acid can have the same effect. This drug has been used for a long time in cardiac surgeries and bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. Now it is being used in taking care of hemodynamic conditions. A study by the name of Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Hemmorrhage 2 (CRASH-2) tested 20000 patients with tranexamic acid across various countries. The results of the study showed that in an emergency trauma center where patients had serious bleeding, tachycardia and hypotension were given tranexamic acid. The recipients of TXA had a mortality of 14.5 %. Hence patients receiving TXA were at benefit. Another study is the Military Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Emergency Resuscitation (MATTERs) was carried out which involved TXA infusion in an out-patient hospi tal. Tranexamic acid was administered in patients in which hemorrhagic shock was suspected. The results of the MATTERs study showed that individuals who received TXA had a mortality of 17.4% (Goodloe, 2013). Annually more than 500000 women lose their lives to postpartum events such as childbirth. Obstetric hemorrhage cause increased rates of maternal mortality. Hence systemic fibrinolytic agents are used in surgeries to prevent fibrinolysis to avoid blood loss after surgeries. A study

Drucker - New Organizations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drucker - New Organizations - Article Example ill be a chief guiding force for the functioning and growth of the organization and information built up does not mean that organization needs a large data-processing capability. The new ways of information system generated through the application of computers will reduce the man power requirement. The raw data available through various means will be used to generate the information but the process itself will require knowledge. Knowledge is always a specialized discipline and that is why organization will need more and more specialists to convert available information into knowledge. Thus, knowledge-based organizations will, overtime, replace all command-and-control kind of business establishments. To convey his points about information based organization, Drucker has put forward the example of British Civil Administration, which was run in India during the period of eighteenth century through World War II without any need of middle management cadre. The whole of the India was governed by merely 1000 officers heading a district administration. It was totally a flat organization structure. The officer used to report directly to the provincial political secretary. Their being total nine provinces each political secretary had at least 100 administrative officers under him to manage the show. The officer used to send a detailed report to the secretary for all the assigned tasks, the achievements and discrepancies and the detailing about the opportunities and emerging threats in the ensuing period. Political secretary would also response with full comments for necessary guidance. Peter points out about the effectiveness of such system as an organization. What is noteworthy is that information based organizations look for simple and clear objectives. At times, there are a few common objectives for all that leads to actions and those objectives are carried out by specialists. Thus, information-based business is structured around goals and clearly defines expectations

Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contract Law - Assignment Example There parties entering the contract must mutually understand what the contract purports to cover. This phenomenon is called ‘meeting of the minds.’ There must be offer and acceptance in a legally binding contract. The contract constitutes an offer to one party and the consequent acceptance by the other party. The element of offer and acceptance thus involves the expression of willingness of both parties to complete the contract. The parties entering the contract must belong to the age of the majority. However, some contracts may involve the minors such as the contract of will. There must be a possibility of performance in a legally binding contract. The contract must be physically or legally performable. The contract must portray the intention to create legal relations. A general principle, the social promises are presumed not to be legally binding (Turner & Martin 2004). There must be legal consideration in a contract. The legal consideration constitutes the value of the exchange depending on the nature of the objects present in a contract. There must be a legal object in a contract. The contract should not, by nature violate the policy of the public. Otherwise, illegal contracts are enforceable. However, a contract that has all the essential elements is valid.... Adam does work, but Cynthia refuses to pay him. Issue Whether the contract is illegal or not Rule The damages arising from the material contributions of an individual to the performance of an illegal act, with the knowledge that the materials are intend to propagate the illegal activities are irrecoverable. The claim by the plaintiff is aims at settlement of the payments using the earnings from the illegal business. Analysis The case between Adam and Cynthia constitutes illegality by virtue of the element of prostitution. Prostitution at common law is always an act that promotes sexual immorality. All acts that promote sexual immorality are prohibited hence are unenforceable. The difference between an illegal act and an immoral act is so thin that the applied principles are similar in either case. The case of Pearce v Brooks (1866) Lr 1 Ex 213 Exch tries to explain the nature of this case. In the case, Pear the plaintiffs, Pearce coach builders allowed Brooks, the prostitute to hire their brougham. Brooks was going to use the brougham in her prostitution business of attracting her clients. At common law, contracts that promote sexual immorality are unenforceable due to their illegality. Pearce was aware of the business that that Brooks was going to transact, prostitution. Brooks refused to honor the obligations of the contract. Pearce claimed compensation for the damages but, the court refused. The court held that he had participated in an illegal contract with the knowledge of its illegality. The jury did find no evidence that the payments that Pearce was claiming from Brooks were to be derived from the illegal business. However, there were reasonable grounds to believe that Pearce while giving out the brougham for hire knew that

An Examination of the Wikipedia Site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Examination of the Wikipedia Site - Essay Example This has been related to the concept that the quality of control of internet subjects has not been well regulated especially in terms of the origin of the material, its perspectives and even the selection of references. With the users quick to use the information online, they easily fall into the trap of acquiring wrong information on sites such as Wikipedia. From my assessment, Wikipedia has more weaknesses than strengths. One of the limitations is that the site does not have accurate information that the user may need. In many instances, the readers find a great percentage of the pages on the site requiring citation even from the reader themselves (Wikipedia 2015). This means that the author of the work simply collected information from different sources and combined them to get a complete text. In the course of my research in English, I am likely to find inaccurate information and even wrong information on different subjects using the site. I would not even be surprised to find gr ammatical and spelling errors on the site. The page may also embrace a short form of words such as â€Å"bt† to mean â€Å"but†. Other examples of spelling errors include â€Å"port† as opposed to â€Å"part† (Wikipedia 2015). Secondly, Wikipedia is a not a reliable source since it provides a chance for editing by any user (Wikipedia 2015). It is this point that the user may find a lot of misleading information on the subject in question especially with the differing views on different subjects. The quality of the content is, therefore, questionable; thus, not applicable for my research in English. This finding also explains that the claims posted are indeed questionable. As opposed to scholarly articles, Wikipedia contains shallow information that uses headings to lure the users into using their site and applying their findings. At times, the facts presented in the page may not be required, such as a  historical background to merely all topics, and the rest of the information is not provided (Wikipedia 2015).  

Mugwumps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mugwumps - Essay Example There were massive amounts of government corruption during the Grant administration and the resulting problems drove a wedge in the Republican Party, the Mugwumps supported Democratic reform candidates such as Grover Cleveland. According to Gerald W. McFarland, â€Å"Between 1870 and 1896, the Mugwumps, most of whom were members of the Republican party’s reform faction, frequently engaged in protests against â€Å"unsuitable† party candidates† (McFarland 40). These protests helped bolster the chances of those candidates running on a reform platform and partially assisted in the election of Grover Cleveland. However, the decision to go against ones political party was not taken lightly, as Allan Peskin writes, â€Å"To be a Republican or to be a Democrat-these were not lightly-made decisions but were shaped by self-interest, ethnicity, and, above all, history, most notably the polarizing trauma of the Civil War† (Peskin 703). As a result of the election fraud and other types of corruption that caused the backlash and mugwumps to begin their attempts at reform. The infamous Tammany Society was extremely influential during this time period as well, primarily in New York which following the Civil War had an inordinate amount of influence on national elections and politics. This was in no small part due the large influx of immigrants through Ellis Island. According to Peter Argersinger, â€Å"The highly competitive political system of the late nineteenth century, as Samuel T. McSeveny has written, â€Å"led to repeated charges, countercharges, and denials of corruption, coercion, bribery, and fraud-allegations that have been echoed by subsequent political biographers and historians. Taken at face value, these outcries would lead one to believe that the two parties alternated in cheating their opponents out of deserved victories† (Argersinger 669) It is no small wonder then that so many individuals

Hypothetical Situation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hypothetical Situation - Assignment Example Indeed, when it comes to making a moral decision, feelings often distract people for the correct option. As a result, her decreased ability to feel should be seen as an advantage of her as an advisor, not a disadvantage. 2. Given the option of choosing either Dekisha or Christina, I believe I would choose the former. First of all, it has already been stated that she is superbly qualified medical professional; so, I trust that she would do anything possible to help me. Secondly, speaking of the peculiarity of her character, namely being dedicated, I am strongly convinced that this is far better than being joyous. I have nothing against the latter; however, I think that medical assistance as an important activity which requires attention and any mistake might cost a life. Contrary to that, a joyous person is more likely to make a mistake if compared to a dedicated one. Finally, it must be noted that the choice that I make will not be affected by the question what person is morally better since this aspect is not involved in any way. 3. It would not be a mistake to suggest that the comparison of an ethical behavior and swinging a golf club is a rather effective one since the author was able to grasp some of the most essential elements of the two activities. Indeed, some people often think that acting morally is difficult; however, many find that it may actually be rather easy as the innate moral compass that everyone has will definitely point out the a person is moving in the right direction. That is why while making a difficult decision, a person should always listen to one’s heart and do as it truly says. The next element which is mentioned in the quotation suggests that acting moral is natural. Indeed, I do believe that all people are originally good and that they will always choose the right option when they have such ability. That is why when one considers different

An Examination of the Wikipedia Site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Examination of the Wikipedia Site - Essay Example This has been related to the concept that the quality of control of internet subjects has not been well regulated especially in terms of the origin of the material, its perspectives and even the selection of references. With the users quick to use the information online, they easily fall into the trap of acquiring wrong information on sites such as Wikipedia. From my assessment, Wikipedia has more weaknesses than strengths. One of the limitations is that the site does not have accurate information that the user may need. In many instances, the readers find a great percentage of the pages on the site requiring citation even from the reader themselves (Wikipedia 2015). This means that the author of the work simply collected information from different sources and combined them to get a complete text. In the course of my research in English, I am likely to find inaccurate information and even wrong information on different subjects using the site. I would not even be surprised to find gr ammatical and spelling errors on the site. The page may also embrace a short form of words such as â€Å"bt† to mean â€Å"but†. Other examples of spelling errors include â€Å"port† as opposed to â€Å"part† (Wikipedia 2015). Secondly, Wikipedia is a not a reliable source since it provides a chance for editing by any user (Wikipedia 2015). It is this point that the user may find a lot of misleading information on the subject in question especially with the differing views on different subjects. The quality of the content is, therefore, questionable; thus, not applicable for my research in English. This finding also explains that the claims posted are indeed questionable. As opposed to scholarly articles, Wikipedia contains shallow information that uses headings to lure the users into using their site and applying their findings. At times, the facts presented in the page may not be required, such as a  historical background to merely all topics, and the rest of the information is not provided (Wikipedia 2015).  

Hypothetical Situation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hypothetical Situation - Assignment Example Indeed, when it comes to making a moral decision, feelings often distract people for the correct option. As a result, her decreased ability to feel should be seen as an advantage of her as an advisor, not a disadvantage. 2. Given the option of choosing either Dekisha or Christina, I believe I would choose the former. First of all, it has already been stated that she is superbly qualified medical professional; so, I trust that she would do anything possible to help me. Secondly, speaking of the peculiarity of her character, namely being dedicated, I am strongly convinced that this is far better than being joyous. I have nothing against the latter; however, I think that medical assistance as an important activity which requires attention and any mistake might cost a life. Contrary to that, a joyous person is more likely to make a mistake if compared to a dedicated one. Finally, it must be noted that the choice that I make will not be affected by the question what person is morally better since this aspect is not involved in any way. 3. It would not be a mistake to suggest that the comparison of an ethical behavior and swinging a golf club is a rather effective one since the author was able to grasp some of the most essential elements of the two activities. Indeed, some people often think that acting morally is difficult; however, many find that it may actually be rather easy as the innate moral compass that everyone has will definitely point out the a person is moving in the right direction. That is why while making a difficult decision, a person should always listen to one’s heart and do as it truly says. The next element which is mentioned in the quotation suggests that acting moral is natural. Indeed, I do believe that all people are originally good and that they will always choose the right option when they have such ability. That is why when one considers different

Unanswered Prayers Essay Example for Free

Unanswered Prayers Essay Some people claim that when they pray, they can feel God’s presence, and that he is listening. These people are usually Christians. However, other people say that when they pray in church and at home, they cannot feel God’s presence. This can sometimes make them feel like they are doing something wrong, such as they are not praying correctly, or just that God simply does not exist, so there is no God to listen to the prayers. This may lead them to ask for advice from people who are strong and faithful Christians, and try harder when they are praying. However, if they still don’t feel the presence of God when praying, they may begin to question the actual existence of God. This can sometimes lead to agnosticism or atheism. Another reason that may lead people to believe that there is no God; are unanswered prayers. Christians believe that God answers their prayers, and loves and cares for everyone. In church, they may be given examples of answered prayers. For example; many Catholic Christians believe that St Jude is the patron saint for those who have no other hope of help. However, when some people pray, their prayers are not answered and they may begin the wonder about a God who answers some people’s prayers, but not others. For example; a young missionary couple asked the members of their church to pray that they would have a safe journey to their new posting in Nepal. However, the plane crashed killing them and their three young children. Examples like this may make people ask why God answers only some peoples prayers, and not everyone’s prayers. They may come to the conclusion that God is in fact bad, and does not care for everyone on Earth. It might make them believe that God just can’t answer everyone’s prayers, as some prayers are selfish, and answering them would come with great consequences. However, it might trigger them to come to the conclusion that God just simply does not exist. They might believe that, if someone prays for their child to be cured of cancer, then surely it would be a good enough cause for their prayer to be answered. If the child still dies, the child’s parents might believe that God does not exist, because the God they were told of would not let a small child die. This leads to atheism, as they will eventually come to the conclusion, that if prayers are unanswered regularly, then there must be no God.

Education throughout history

Education throughout history Introduction Education has been defined (Ukeje, 1966) as a process by which people are acclimatized to the culture into which they are born in order that they may advance it. It is the process through which people are prepared to live effectively in their environment. Today, the environment refers to the universe. This definition suggests that various cultures from time immemorial patterns and systems of education (formal or informal) suitable for their needs and environment. In many cases the content of educational programme may differ in terms of method and/or approach but the import (i.e. the purpose) is usually the same maintenance and transmission of culture (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, skills, technology, values, etc). As the form, content, method and approach to education continue to be dynamic following the changing circumstances of the culture, it became necessary to pass on more and more knowledge and skills from one generation to the next. Records have it that every culture started educational process through informal method. As more needs arose and life became more dynamic and complicated, it became expedient that the process of education must change to reflect the changing circumstances of the culture. Various cultures therefore evolved formal systems of education so as to be orderly in their approach to transmission of knowledge and skills. Educational activities usually involve training in socio-economic activities of the environment in form of skill training in technological, recreational and intellectual subjects. It is pertinent at this point to have an idea of how education was organized in nations of early civilization and note the contribution those ancient communities have made to the development of modern day education. Educational Practice In Ancient Greece Greece is known as the cradle of civilization. The ancient Greece covered very large expanse of territories in Europe and parts of Asia. Invention of writing by the Greeks was one of the greatest achievements in the history of Education. Greek language had a great influence on English and other modern European languages and so it was essential for Western civilization. City state is the unit of political administration in Greece. Sparta and Athens are the main city states of Greece world. So, our discussion will centre on education in Sparta and Athens. Spartan Education: Only Spartans who were regarded as the citizens received any education and this was mainly physical, military and moral. Spartan education was geared towards physical vigor, determination, courage, military skill, obedience to law and constituted authority. Only healthy Spartan children were raised to become citizens, unhealthy ones were either exposed to die early or left to be adopted by the subject classes. Education Of The Boys: Spartan boys were exposed to military training very early as from the age of 7. They were organized in smaller groups in the barracks where they had a leader to whom they were responsible rather than their parents/families. The physical education was to make them tough and develop the spirit of endurance. They were to put on minimum clothing, eat less food, have little rest, etc. Mental and moral training were involved in their dances and music. Their religion was largely patriotism. Reading and writing were not included in the public education. As from age 18-20, they were exposed to practice in professional battle (mock battles) and at 20 they were matured enough to seek for active service among the hostile groups. Up to age 30, they lived in the barracks as active soldiers until age 60 when they disengaged to take active part in politics. Education Of Girls: Greek girls received public athletic training in sports, jumping, throwing discus and javelin, but not boxing. They were organized into troops like boys by ages. They engaged in dancing, singing, marching and took part in public religious rites, but they lived at home. If a Spartan girl failed her test, she would lose her right of citizenship and became perioikos (a member of the middle class). Objectives Of Spartan Education: Spartan education was determined by the desire for military efficiency. It aimed at providing patriotic, obedient and military efficiency in citizens so as to defend the integrity of the state. It prepared women for womanhood. Appraisal Of Spartan Education. Positively, the Spartan education was efficient in its organization and relevant to the needs and aspiration of the people of the time. There was provision of equal education for men and women. Negatively, the Spartan education was too narrow, short-sighted and inadequate. It was tied strictly to the defense of the state. Other areas of need were neglected (e.g. economic and socio cultural aspects) It failed to take care of individual differences and it had no regard for human rights and dignity. The Athenian Education: Athens was one of the city-states of the Ancient Greece. In ancient Athens the purpose of education was to produce citizens trained in arts, to prepare citizens for both peace and war. Athenians believed that their form of education was better than that of the Spartans and so they did not share the kind of admiration other city-states had for Spartans. Athenians felt that they were more superior to the Spartans in terms of their training and upbringing like the Spartans, the Athenians boys are taught at home by the mother or by a male slave until they attain the age of 7. As from that age, they attended elementary school until they were 13 part of their training was gymnastic. The younger boys learnt running, jumping, wrestling, discus and juvenile throwing. They also learnt to play musical instruments and sing. They learnt to count, read and write. They took a lot of lesson and practice in dictation, memorization and ac ting. Books were very expensive and rare, so subjects were read out loud and the boys had to memorize everything. Pioneers Of Practical And Popular Education: The Great Teachers (a) The Sophists and the Philosophers: Apart from elementary school masters, instructors and the like. The first professional higher education in the world was the group of brilliant talks and keen thinkers who appeared in Greek during the 5th Century B.C. (500BC). They were called Sophists meaning professional wise men. Later they were known as philosophers i.e. lovers of wisdom for it own sake. They were the first to discus whether there were any absolute standard of morality or nearly artificial conversion. Whether justice is consistent or simply means the way of the ruling class. They were phenomenally graceful and subtle talkers (orators) usually to fairly large audiences. They toured the large cities giving carefully prepared flowering speeches. They were highly paid and widely advertised and welcome by a reception committee and entertained by ambitious hosts. They claimed to be authority on everything and that they could lecture on any subject under the sun. They demonstrated that almost anything could be proved by a smooth talker. Their main legacy to the Greece and the modern world is that thought alone is one of the strongest forces in human life. The respect they create for the thinkers is enduring till today. (b). Socrates: He was an Athenians and he stayed in Athens talking to his fellow citizens instead of the whole world like the Sophist. He distrusted and opposed almost everything done by the Sophist. He refused regular payment, living and dying for. He wore worn clothes and was barefooted. He talked to people at street corners and in the gymnasium rather than specially prepared hall. He trained people to think. He said he knew nothing and try to find out. While we can consider Sophist to be the first lecturer Socrates was the first tutor. He made the other fellow to do most of the talking, he merely ask questions. Socrates questioned all sorts and conditions. His methods were: (A) The modest declaration of his own ignorance which imperceptibly faulted the other man and made him eager to explain to such an intelligence burnaivel enquires. (B) His adaptability which showed him the side on which each man could best be approached. (C) His unfailing good humour which allowed him always to keep the conversation going and at crises when the other lost his temper, he would now dominate the discussion. (c). Plato (428BC 347): He was the greatest of the Socrates students. He founded a college called Academy to pursue the study of the Socrates. Socrates had launched him to engage himself in teaching, studying and writing books on philosophical problems all his life. In all his books and teachings, he acknowledged his teacher (Socrates) and subordinated himself entirely to the personality and methods of Socrates. In all different situations, Plato combined the steady unflinching aid in the pursuit of truth with the most subtle adaptability of approach to different peoples. Plato talked more systematically and more exclusively than his master. He established a college rather than going about the street. He had entrance examination and disciplinary rule. Instead on chatting on everybody he preferred specially selected pupils. He gave lectures instead of spontaneous speech. He was a noble man, rich and gifted. He limited his effort to highly trained and carefully chosen listeners. He was the founder of examination system. Through his teachings and books, he made many pupils including Dionysius of Syraccus (a tyrant) and a superlative (good one) Aristotle probably the best and single mind the human species has ever produced. (d). Aristotle (385 322 BC): He was a rich doctors son and he always preferred thescientific habit of thought. He was admitted to Plato Academy at the age of 17 and he remained there until when he was about 40 years i.e. until Plato dies. After traveling and doing independent research for some years he founded a college of his own call ‘LYCEUM. Apparently, he thought of research and teaching as two sides of the same coin Aristotle organized his teaching very thoroughly. His Lyceum resembled a modern research institute with the vast number of specimens for his biological work which he collected from many parts of the known world, which must have been examined by squad of his research students. His mastering political to treaties was the distillation of important analysis of numerous existing constitutions made by his assistants under his supervision. Much of Aristotles teaching then was the type of very high level discussion which goes on in similar institutions today. Much of his teaching also was done on a slightly lower level to less advanced students who were still much more highly educated than the average citizens. Many of the works was handed down under his name were not books he personally wrote but collection of lecture notes taken down by his pupils and perhaps later corrected from his own personal note. We see from them (note) that he combined lecturing with class discussion but put the emphasis on the lecture i.e. he set out a series of topics which link together to form a complete survey of a subject. He took each topic separately, broke it down into a number of problems and then examined each of them separately. The note showed him talking on continuously, analyzing one suggestion after the other, explaining where each falls short and why and finally working his way to the solution. (e) Other leading philosophers and educators whose thoughts influenced the development of formal education in the world include: (i) J. H. Pestalozzi (1746 1827) (ii) Fredrick Froebel ((1782 -1852) (iii) John Dewey (1859 -1952) and (iv) Maria Montessori (1880 -1952) Traditional Education In Nigeria Islam and Christianity, which have influenced Nigerian education in no small measure, are of recent development compared with the indigenous system of education which is as old as man himself in Africa. Every society whether simple or complex has its own system of training and educating its youth. In old Africa society the purpose of education was clear, it was functionalism. African education emphasizes social responsibility, job orientation, political participation, spiritual and moral value. Although Nigeria consists of many ethnic groups and societies, each with their own culture and tradition, they all have common educational aims and objectives but methods differ from place to place chiefly because of social, economic and geographical imperatives. The education of the child phical imperatives. The education of the child from Nigerian society starts from infancy. At this initial stage, the child is more intimately involved with his mother than anybody else until he is about the age of 5 or 6, this is understandable and universal. The father is out most of the day and the mother stays at home with the child. His mother is his first teacher and he watches and learns everything his mother does. At about the age of 4 and 6, other members of the family become involved in the education of the child. They send him errand, tell him story, teach him obedience and respect for elders, code of behaviour, and history of the family or ethnics group. Traditional education is all embracing and every social institution involves an educational activity which leads the individual to acquire behaviour pattern, abilities and skills necessary for effective citizenship in the society in which he lives. The traditional African educational system finds expression in the age group. Age is an important element in the life of the African. The elder is assumed to be a custodian of wisdom and he is expected to demonstrate this in speech and action if he is to keep his position among those who look unto him for leadership. Goals Of Traditional African Education: The broad goal of Traditional African Education is to produce an individual who is honest, respectable, and skilled and conforms to the social order of the day. This broad goal can be split into the following objectives: (1) To develop the child latent physical skills (2) To develop character (3) To inculcate respect for elders and those in position of authorities. (4) To develop intellectual skills (5) To acquire specific vocational training and to develop a healthy attitude towards honest labour (6) To develop a sense of belonging and to participate actively in family and community affairs. (7) To understand, appreciate and promote the cultural heritage of the community at large. Muslim Education In Nigeria Islam was brought to Hausa land in the 14th Century by traders and scholars. The first set of mosques was built in Kano in 1349 1385. Kano then was a commercial city. The elementary Arabic schools in Nigeria were called Quranic schools and both Arabic, as a language and Islam as religion were taught simultaneously. When a pupil began to read the Arabic alphabet, he did so with an intention to read the Holy Quran. One of the Islamic Tradition says â€Å"The best man among you is one who learnt the Quran and the care to teach it†. Therefore teaching religion to others was considered a duty for which a person should expect no earthly reward. The system of teaching and learning the Quran and Arabic language started in Northern Nigeria where the teacher in the early stage depended on living on charity. The Islamic education was well entrenched in the North and it became highly organized that centres of advanced Islamic education started springing up. The Jihad period of Shehu Uthman dan Fodio assisted the spread of Islam in the North and consequently the establishment of Quranic Schools in the North. Jihad spread to Southern Nigeria through Ilorin which became a centre of Islamic learning up till this time. At about 1830, Islamic along with Quranic school spread to other parts of Yoruba land and a large number and small Quranic schools and institutions of higher learning similar to those already existing in the North sprang up in many Yoruba cities including Iwo, Ofa, Oyo, Shaki, Iseyin, Ogbomoso, Osogbo, Lagos, Epe, Abeokuta, Ijebu-Ode, etc. A Quranic school is usually found in or outside the mosque. The Ustaz (teacher) sits under a tree or in his parlour, verandah, porch, or in the mosque surrounded by volumes of the Quran and other Islamic books. A little distance to the Ustaz but near enough to be within reach of his long whip squatting are some 10 to 40 pupils in semi-circle, folding broad wooden slates from where they chant different Arabic alphabets, words or Quranic verses. The teacher in most cases is assisted by the brightest or the oldest or both among the pupils. Muslim children begin their Quranic education as from about the age of 3. At this stage learning was by repetition and rote (learning by heart) in a sing-song pattern. The teacher recite to his pupils the verse to be learnt and they repeat it after him, he does this repeatedly until he is satisfied that they have mastered the correct pronunciation. The pupils, sometimes in group, are thereafter left on their own to continue repeating the verse until he has thoroughly memorized it. The verse is then linked with the previously memorized verses and in this way; the pupil gradually learns by heart the whole chapters of the Quran. Islamic education could be dividend into the following stages: 1st Stage: Learning of Arabic alphabets and words. 2nd Stage: Learning and committing the first 2 essus and memorizing it. They also learnt basic tenets of Islam and Hadith. 3rd Stage: Had a broader and wider curriculum. The pupil begins to learn the meaning of the verses he had committed to memory. The teacher does his best to explain the Arabic text. The pupils are introduced to other writings such as hadith. 4th Stage: This may be considered the post secondary level. At this stage, the pupils begin to learn grammar and vocabulary in Arabic. The course of study also includes Logic, Mathematic, Jurisprudence, Geography, Medicines, etc. 5th Stage: It is after the 4th stage that the student decides in what area he wishes to specialize. This marked the beginning of university education. He proceeds to University at Fez, Lahore, Timbuktu, Al-Azeez. In the alternative, he continued home learning from local specialists called Sheiks. After finishing, he is free to practice as a teacher, Imam or Sheik, depending on his area of specialization. The Early Mission Schools And Their Problems Missionary contacts with the people of Nigeria started at the later part of 15th Century when the Portuguese set their feet on the soil of what is now called Nigeria. The Portuguese on arrival at Lagos and Benin ports in 1472 felt the need for introducing Christian religion and establishing schools for the purpose of sharing common faith and language with their customers. By 1515, the Catholic Missionary activities had started in Benin with a school established in the palace of the Oba of Benin for the sons of both the Oba and his Chiefs who had been converted to Christianity. This initial effort of the Portuguese missionary led to the establishment of trading posts, host churches and schools in Benin, Brass, coastal towns in Delta, Bayelsa and Lagos States and a seminary on the highland of Sao Tome off the coast of Nigeria. The main objective of the seminary was to train Africans as priests and teachers to manage the churches and schools that had been established. It is on record that the 1st set of schools was wiped out by the slave trade that ravaged West Africa for nearly 300 years. Sierra Leone became a territory acquired by the British Empire as a colony where the liberated Africa could settle when slave trade was abolished late 18th Century. Within a short time, some librated Africans, including Ajayi Crowther had been converted and educated in the formal school system in Freetown. The second coming of the Missionary was after the abolition of a slave trade. The Wesleyan Methodist became the 1st Christian organization, to arrive Badagry in Nigeria. The contact was made by Reverend Thomas Birch Freeman and Mr. Mrs. de Graft. With the contact schools started, other missions started sending their men to Nigeria. The first known school was established by Mr. Mrs. de Graft (an African born in Cape Coast) in Banditry and was named Nursery of the Infant Church. Later, many other schools were established by various other missions in Abeokuta, Lagos, Calabar, Ogbomosho, Onitsha, Bonny and other coastal towns. The history of secondary education started with the establishment of CMS Grammar School in Lagos in 1859 by Reverend Thomas Macaulay with 6 students. The primary objective of the early Missionary was to convert the native to Christianity through religion. The knowledge of the bible, ability to sing hymns, to recite catechism and to communicate both orally and in writing were considered essential for good Christianity. So the primary education curriculum was geared toward the achievement of the above. The early secondary schools taught mostly Latin, Greek and the 3Rs i.e. reading, writing, and arithmetic. They taught little or no science for nearly half a century. The entire educational provision was dependent upon the effort of the Christian Missions supported by the home- churches and gifts from friends. The government, both local and imperial, did not make any provision on education until 1877. Problems/Features of Early Mission Schools: In the process of implementing the educational policies, the missions faced the following problems: (1) There were no central schools laws and as a result there were no standard for running the schools. (2) Varying administrative techniques were adopted for school management. (3) No standard qualification for teachers. (4) No regulation to guide the school attendance and regularity of teachers and pupils. (5) In all the schools emphasis was on conversion to Christianity and religious instruction remained the basic core of the school curriculum during the period. (6) There was inadequate finance. (7) There were no trained teachers and no training colleges. (8) There was no common syllabus and no standard text books. (9) There was inadequate supervision of schools. (10) No central examination system. (11) There was no uniformity in the conditions of service for teachers. (12) There was intense missionary rivalry in the Southern part of Nigeria which led to uneven distribution of School. Education During The Colonial Era Educational Ordinance Of 1887: This ordinance laid down the principles which have become the foundation of educational laws and policies in the country. The principles included: (1) The constitution of a Board of Education made up of Governor as the Chairman. Members of legislative council Four nominees of the Governor Inspector of schools (which Dr. Henry Cars was the first inspector). (2) The appointment of inspectors of schools. (3) Extension of grants-in-aid to teacher training colleges. (4) Power of the board to make, alter and revoke rules for regulating the procedures for grants-in-aid. (5) Empowering the governor to open up and maintain schools. (6) Rates and condition of grant-in-aid to schools were based partially on subject taught and partially on degree of excellence in the school. (7) Safeguard as to religious and racial freedom. (8) Certification of teachers. (9) Admission of poor and alien children as may be directed by the Governor. (10) Establishment of scholarship for secondary and technical education. Even though, the 1887 Ordinance was meant primarily for Colony of Lagos, it influenced the gradual expansion of schools into Yoruba land and the Calabar area of the eastern part of what was to be known as Nigeria. Dr. Henry Carr, a Nigerian in 1891, was appointed the first indigenous inspector of schools for the Colony of Lagos. He advocated for greater government involvement in schools, particularly in the area of finance and control. Major Enactments That Shaped The Nigerian Education Since The Colonial Era (a) The 1916 Education Ordinance was promulgated by Lord Lugard to provide for the whole country, education based on good character and the usefulness to individuals and the society at large. (b) The Phelps-Stoke Commission on Education in Nigeria (1920). This was meant to review the existing educational practices in Africa and make recommendation to reform education in Africa. The commission visited Nigeria and other British control countries in West Africa. The commission report was published in 1922. Its recommendations were far reaching and they intimidated the British Colonial Government to issue the 1925 memorandum on education. (c) The 1925 memorandum on Education in British Territories. The memorandum was: (1) The first statement of the intention of the colonial government on Africa since 1842 when western education was introduced in Nigeria. (2) The outcome of Phelps-stoke report which brought into light the apathy of colonial government to the education and the incompetence of the Christian mission in the field of education. (3) The document that piloted Nigerian Educational policies and development from 1925-1945. (d) The 1926 Education Code. Sir Hugh Clifford, Nigerian Governor, in 1926, enacted education (colony and Southern provinces) Ordinance No 15 of 1926 to curb the development of sub-standard schools that were mushrooming beyond the control of the missionary. The Ordinance made provision for improvement on the qualities of teachers, providing schools with experienced leadership and guidance, creating a conducive atmosphere for realistic co-operation among the agencies/stakeholders and generally supplying the educational needs of individual and the community at large. (e) Other policies that assisted in shaping the Nigerian Educational sys tem included: (i) Davidsons 10 year Education Plan (1942-1952). (ii) Asquith Commission, 1943. (iii) Elliot Commission, 1943. (iv) Self determination educational policies of the regions (1952-`1959). (v) The Ashby Commission, 1960. (vi). National Policy on Education 1977, 1982, 1998, 2004. Tutorial Questions (1) Attempt a distinction between the Sophists and the Philosophers in the Ancient Greek education and explain how the contributions of Aristotles, Plato and Socrates influenced the education system of various nations of the world. (2) The early Greek education prepared citizens for rigorous life. Examine this statement by presenting the nature of the Spartan and Athenian education. (3) Write short notes on the contributions of the following to education: (a) Perstalozi (b) Froubel (c) Montessori (d) Dewey (4) Explain the nature of the African indigenous education and the goals the system was set to achieve. (5) Attempt the comparison of early Christian Mission School with the Muslim Education. What are the main problems faced by this educational system? (6) Discuss 3 of the enactments (ordinance, commission, memorandum, etc) that shaped the Nigeria Educational system during the colonial period. (7) To what extent will you say that the National Policy on Education has brought order to the Nigerian educational system? (8) With your knowledge of the functions of the various commissions overseeing various levels of Nigerian educational system, make a case for the establishment of National Commission for Senior Secondary Education. (9) Justify the fact that the National Policy on Education is the major post independence achievement of government in bringing order to Nigerian educational system. References: i. Achunine, R. N. and Irondi, E. O. (Ed.) (1998). Management administration of secondary education. Owerri: Totan Publishers Limited ii. Adesina, Segun, Adeyemi, K. and Ajayi, K. (Ed.) (1983).Nigerian education: trends and issues. Ibadan: University of Ife. iii. Ajayi, T., Fadipe, J. O., Ojedele, P. K. Oluchukwu, E. E. (Ed.) (2002).Planning and administration of universal basic education (UBE) in Nigeria. Ijebu-Ode: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, Ondo. iv. Babalola, J.B. (Ed.) (2003). Basic text in educational planning. Ibadan: Department of Educational Planning, University of Ibadan. v. Fagbamiye, E. O., Babalola. J. B., Fabunmi, M. Ayeni, A.O. (Ed.) (2004) Management of primary and secondary education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NAEAP. vi. Fafunwa, A. B. (1974). History of education. London: George Allen Unwin. vii. Oyekan, S. O. (2000). Foundations of teacher education. Ibadan: Ben Quality Prints viii. Osokoya, I. O. (1989).History and policy of Nigerian education in world perspective. Ibadan: AMD Publishers. ix. Ukeje, B. O. (1967). Education for social reconstruction.

The Salem Witch Trial :: American America History

The Salem Witch Trial The Salem Witchcraft was a series of undesirable events, which was powered by paranoia and fear. Though several witch trials occurred before the Salem Witch Trial, this was the most well known of all. Many innocent people were accused of witchcraft which resulted to 19 men and women that were hanged, 17 innocents that died in unsanitary prisons, and an 80-year old man that was crushed to death by putting stones on top of his stomach until he confesses (movie: The Crucible). In some accounts, it was reported that two dogs were stoned to death for cooperating with the Devil. Why did the Salem Witch trial occur? Were these trials appropriate? Or were they truly a Devil's work? The Salem Witch Trials might have occurred for a variety of reasons such as people's ignorance that led to superstitions. It might have also occurred because people's crave for power, or it might also be because of fear. In the early years of America, people were mostly unaware of certain things. Sickness, for instance, was an important issue for people didn't know how to manage or cure such complex illnesses. The Puritans, during the colonial times, didn't have much information about certain things. They came to believe that certain unexplainable events were done by a powerful source of evil thus brought about superstitions. The infamous Witch Trials done at Salem, Massachusetts, which spread across the continent, was an example of people's injustice acts in response to superstitions. One of the major cause of the Salem Witchcraft trials was superstition, an "irrational belief or practice resulting from ignorance or fear of the unknown" (www.encyclopedia.com). A lack of scientific knowledge led many people to be convinced that, witches were responsible to the death of an animal or a livestock: John Rogger "testified that upon the threatening words " of Martha Carrier " his cattle would be strangely bewitched."(Mather, p55) John Roger believed on superstitions; thus he proposed that Martha was a witch who was killing his cows. It is easy to see how the people of Salem were so vulnerable to the notion of witches taking over their town. Furthermore Tituba, Reverend Parris's slave, practiced ritual dance and "black magic" in her early years in Africa. She influenced most of the girls in town through her stories. The girls believed on superstitions which overall started the Salem Witch Trials and made it possible for the witch trials to occur for a long duration.

The Influences Of Rational Thought On Western Civilization :: Philosophy Ration

The Greek's notion of rational thought is a very strong reason why Western Civilization has become so influential in the world today. During their time, the Greeks spurred an intellectual revolution. They questioned the meanings of life and began using their minds to expand the world. According to Glenn Blackburn: "In many ways, they "discovered" the human "mind" through their philosophy and rational thought [ . . . ]"(64). Their "opening" of the mind influenced all ways of life and society. Major ideas blossomed like politics, governing laws, literature, art, history, and new inventions. Scientific thinking was groundbreaking among Greek minds. Ideas of mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and anatomy engrossed the public. This revolution of rational thought dominated society and began a transition in Western Civilization because people began using reason to explain human and natural events, rather than the gods (Blackburn, 67). Even today, rational thought is used by al l of us and continues to influence society. The power of the modern mind has proved greater than any other Greek could have ever expected. The creation of rational thought began in the Greek city of Ionia. The citizens there were open to new ideas and influenced by traders from around the world. Laws were invented by these Ionians and written down to express the will of their society. The greatest and most recognized Ionian thinker was a man named Thales of Miletues. Considered one of the seven ""wises men" of the day, Thales contemplated water and its connection with the universe. Blackburn remarks that Thales ideas: "mark[ed] an important change in western scientific thought" (68). Thales also used I statements when he philosophized marking for the first time in history a human used reason and the rational mind. Other philosophers surfaced in Ionia during this period creating the study of the "cosmos," or universe. They also founded the study of past human affairs or history. This new idea of rational thought spread to the Greek capitol, Athens. Here politics and democracy exploded. Politicians and citizens were now able to debate issues and question justice. This form of independent thinking brought great pride and self-confidence to members of the Greek society. This allowed for huge successes for further philosophy, architecture, art, mathematics, anatomy, botany, literature, and creativity. Among the most famous of the Greek philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Organizational Behavior Essay

The presented situation deserves particular attention as in a Project Manager’s situation I am faced with a large number of problems. The team members are not getting along, there are numerous disagreements, costs are going up and component quality is not up to the mark. All these problems need to be addressed. Since the team members all belong to different backgrounds, they are bound to have communication issues. First it is important to resolve the conflicts arising due to communication barriers (Lloyd 2005). The team members need to sit together and decide on a common language that all of them can communicate in. Conflicts may arise due to differences in cultural and generational backgrounds and therefore it is essential to address these issues in meetings with all employees allowed to face each other (Lemay & Schwamberger 2007). Also, they may be restricted to use their own language during work as this may give other members the feeling that they are being talked about. The next step is to set goals and objectives and prioritize work accordingly. It is my duty as the project manager to delegate tasks. Although employee autonomy is given emphasis in Theory Y which assumes that an employee will work if he is committed, in this case Theory X needs to be applied. Theory X which assumes that an individual dislikes responsibility and needs to be controlled and directed to work comes into play in this situation (ACCEL Team). In the goal setting process, I have to set milestones that need to be completed within a given period of time. The tasks are prioritized with the team’s consent so that there are not further arguments over the prioritization and completion of each milestone. Instead of allowing all team members to individually set their priorities, priorities have to be set with the consent of the entire team. The Total Quality Manager and Operation Manager need to sit together and set quality standards that need to be met. As a Project Manager, I need to oversee that the Total Quality Manager clearly explains to the Operation Manager the quality standards that need to be followed to avoid further increase in time delays and cost. The Operation Manager needs to be specific about the quality of the required components and therefore quality standards need to be documented to avoid any confusion. Only if these steps are taken, will the quality issue be successfully resolved. In order to inculcate a punctual attitude in the team members and discipline them, positive reinforcement can be used (Williams 2002). Disciplining employees is essential in order to keep performance at high levels (Imundo 1985). Instead of punishing employees for coming in late or missing meetings, incentives can be designed to reward employees for their positive work attitude. Rewards can be monetary or non-monetary. Non-monetary awards such as the ‘Most Organized Employee’, ‘Most Punctual’, and ‘Employee of the Month ’or‘Best Performance can be introduced. This will help in heightening the morale of the team members (Bruce 2007). These awards can be given after the completion of the project. Although these may just be titles given to high achievers, the purpose is to make them feel rewarded for their work (Nelson, 2005). Monetary rewards can also be given on the same basis. According to the Extrinsic Motivation Theory, individuals do things for which there are tangible rewards. Therefore, with their personal interests involved, employees will strive to work harder and improve their performance (Podmoroff 2005). Another solution to punctuality issues is flexible working hours (Tynan). This will allow employees to work according to their convenience while enjoying their work and achieving their set targets. Moreover to ensure all team members are effectively participating in meetings and giving in their ideas and opinions, a friendly environment needs to be created (eHow Legal Editor). It becomes my responsibility to ensure that my team members are comfortable with the working environment and can pool in their view. I need to clarify that their views will not be used against them and will be respected and considered by the team. This sense of confidence needs to be inculcated to allow free flow of information within the team and between the team and the management. The main reason behind escalating costs and time delay is the internal issues of the team. These issues need to be dealt with strictly (Draffen 2007). Once these issues are resolved the project will automatically fall into place. The escalating costs are mainly due to disagreements over the right design of the components. Once a standardized design is agreed upon by the Operations Manager, Total Quality Manager and the team there will be no further costs of redesigning. As a Project Manager, I have the responsibility to effectively deal with the employees in my team. Understanding human behavior and building team confidence are the fundamentals of a strong working team (Heller 1999). I need to learn what motivates each individual to work. Accordingly each individual should be rewarded for his hard work. It is a good practice to frequently appreciate the work being done and thank the team members for their contribution (About. om). A successful completion of a project therefore depends on employee performance, employee satisfaction with the work and good quality output (Buzzle. com). The main issues that needed to be addressed in this case involved goal setting, communication and cultural barriers and employee contribution. Therefore once I have addressed these issues and communicated with my team members to clarify all differences and misconceptions that they may have about the management or other team members, the project will be delivered successfully.

How Electricity Is Produced

1.How is electricity produced? The most simple way of producing static ekectricity is by rubbing or friction. When you rub two different kind of materials that are insulator, you can transfer electrons from one substance to another. Nowadays, to create electricity we use battery and generators. Voltage can be made by heart, light or mechanical pressure. 2.Where and how is electricity used? Electricity gives us ability to produce heat, which is essential in our life. Electricity makes heat and used in toasters, soldering irons and almost every machine. A very useful property of electricity is that it is a source of a magnetism. Electrons flow through wires which is how telephones, loudspeakers could work. Without electricity, we will be living in a place where there is no light at night. For a power source to work we need ‘energy', just like the human body needs energy to function 3.How was it discovered? Electricity was first discovered by a greek philosopheres. They discovered when amber was rubbed against the cloth, light weight objects stuck to it. Moreover, Benjamin Franklin flew his kite during a thunderstorm and when lightning flashed, the spark transferred from the key to his wrist. He could had easily been killed from electric shock. Without these people, the discovery of light bulb would have been impossible. 4.What is electricity how does electricity flow? Electricity is a flow of tiny particles called electrons which can travel through wires. â€Å"Electron current† the name of this flow. Just like water, which can only flow down a hill, an electric current can only flow if there's something pushing the electron.

The Background(1000words) is a written explanation of the historical Essay

The Background(1000words) is a written explanation of the historical evolution of the particular human rights. (Slavery) - Essay Example With the passage of time, different legal and social anti-slavery movements emerged in different parts of the world. Although, the extent, forms and magnitude of human slavery has reduced as compared to our past, but it has not been completely abolished. The evolution of human freedom as a basic human right was observed between mainly the time period of 1815 and 1957, when 300 different international agreements were implemented against slavery (Weissbrodt, 2002). Nevertheless, slavery exists among us in various parts of the contemporary world, in spite of the anti-slavery legislations. Slavery is observed in a plethora of forms and shapes including, forced labour, human trafficking, bonded labour, child labour and descent-based slavery. To understand the contemporary forms of slavery and the current legislations against slavery it is essential to familiarize with the evolution of this human right over the past decades. Slavery was defined by an international agreement in the League o f Nations Slavery Convention as, â€Å"the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised† (Weissbrodt, 2002). ... These forms consisted of domestic or predial slavery, acquisition of girls by purchase disguised as payment of dowry, adoption of children with the purpose of their enslavement and systems of compulsory labour either public or private and paid or unpaid (Weissbrodt, 2002). Down the history lane, slavery was practiced commonly and quite prominently in Greece and Rome, colonial Latin America and the Caribbean and the Southern states of the USA. Slavery emerged after the development of three basic ideas: the concept of personal property, the realisation that humans can also be used to improve an individual’s industry and the development of nations which led to the prisoners of war (Smith, 2013). In Greek culture, different forms of slaves were kept such as war slaves, household slaves and the common slaves. Subsquent laws protected the Greeks from enslavement, however it was followed by enslavement of non-Greeks. Similar cases of debt bondage and enslavement associated to it was observed in the Roman culture (Darren, 2003). The experience of enslavement, in the United States, of the Africans was a harsh and cruel one. According to historians, it was strongly connected to racial prejudice and the slaves were brutally treated, even killed without any action taken. Harsh punishments for small mistakes or acts of ‘disrespect’were given. Strong rebellions against the harsh dominance was observed in United States and it forms an important part of evolution of the human rights. The contemporary forms of slavery and the existance of enslavement practices highlights the ineffectiveness of the laws in various parts of the world. The ‘new’slavery is different from the ‘old’ slavery in many ways. There is no legal

Native american culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Native american culture - Research Paper Example Yet, the world knows that the two things were as similar as they were different. It follows that on this ground, we might venture saying that America must be a strange land, for in few parts of the world would it make such a big difference to be a native as it does on this land. This difference turns out to be all the more significant for the reason that the history of the nation was not the same thing as the history of the native. It makes an interesting case study for the cultural as well as literary implications it can have and the works of authors like Silko give us demonstration of those implications. To take an example, we may consider Silko’s house which was nothing short of a prototype of a zoo and her coexistence in this house with a variety of creatures such as mastiffs, pit bulls, rattlesnakes, macaws and African gray parrots. The house qualifies to be described as a kind of mini-museum as well with pieces of crystal quartz and turquoise lying all over (Snodgrass 31 5). We may now contrast this with the life theme of another well-known name – to put it in the sarcastic words of famous conservationist late Gerald Durrell – the ‘much-lauded’ Buffalo Bill Cody whose only accomplishment (if it may be called so) was the ruthless killing of bisons. 4000 bisons in just 18 months was no ordinary feat (Bennett et al. 26). It is anybody’s guess how today’s environmentalists would react to the greatness attributed to this feat, isn’t it? What does this contrast establish? It only goes on to substantiate that Silko and Cody, then, are not just two individuals but representatives of the two sides of the history, culture and attitude of a nation with a dual character. Not that this difference is peculiar to America alone. In the rest of the world, what is perceived and interpreted as the distinction between tribal and mainstream populations is essentially the same as the one we have noted between natives and ot hers in America. For the former, nature is the cradle that supports, sustains and nurtures life. The individual’s relationship with nature is one of harmony, much like a mother-child relation. The concern, yet, is to benefit from the resources in the nature but without compromising on the principles of fairness and give-and-take. Understanding, mutual respect and reciprocation form the guiding values. The attitude does not hesitate to believe in, be aware of and acknowledge the existence of a ‘parallel plane’. That Silko entitled the book of her memoirs after a bluish green mineral – turquoise – is a statement that confirms her visualization of one such parallel plane. What if the turquoise conjures up images of lifeless things for you and me? For her, an arroyo means much more than a dry stream bed and those turquoise pieces symbolize ‘Star Beings’. Not only the turquoise, even animals, birds, reptiles, vegetables, plants and their see ds are among the things that constitute this ‘Star’ family. It is interesting to recall here that one of the principal objectives of Silky’s decision to be a writer is to perpetuate justice without having to take on the mantle of a lawyer. For the latter, the world is a huge reserve for the humankind and nature is a repertoire that exists only to cater to its needs. The orientation of the relationship is more like the one between a master and his slave. The concern is to exploit, to the fullest possible extent, in the shortest possible span of time. Greed, control and domination are the core values to

Wine Industry Association of WA Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wine Industry Association of WA - Lab Report Example Today Australia is having more than one thousand wineries and about twenty thousand wine-industry workers are living in the country.† 1 If someone thinks the wine as a romantic unchangeable institution, he can be forgiven, but it is not true. The wine has always been influencing the market.† 2 sustain the global reputation. The organization is having 9 main wine producing regions and few sub-regions. Western Australia produces merely 3 percent of the Australia’s wine but astonishingly nearly 30 percent of its premium quality wines are produced in this region.† 3 The education centers are the new concept to pull up the sales. The top management takes the decisions and the lower level staffs follow that. The board of the Directors includes the top management team like producer [category A], Vice president Grower, treasurer producer, producer [category B], distributer, general manager and some other top ranked officers. Second level staffs are basically marketing and even manager, sales manager, export manager. These are basically the internal structures of the organization. Some volunteers are there to do exhibitions and trade fare and to manage the wine education centers. of the whole nation are produced in the Western Australian wine industry. South Australian Wine industries are very much reputed for the high volume of wine they produce. However, few of the promising competitors are Wine makers federation of Australia, Wine Grape Growers Association, Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation and Grape & Wine Research & Development Corporation. Most of these competitors are having their own wine education centers. The macro-environment is the larger view of the environment in which the particular wine industry is performing their acts. PESTEL analysis is very much important to understand the socio-economic impact on the industry. Economic Factors: These factors are

Library Database Exercise #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library Database Exercise #4 - Essay Example By using database a person is able to obtain information not freely available on the internet. Secondly, the information obtained via a general search may not authoritative and credible, online websites are sometimes by people who are novice on the subject. Finding credible information is critical in doing research and by using library databases one can always get accurate and reliable information. The information obtained from the library database is from reliable sources such as: academic journals, popular magazines, newspapers, trade journals and scholarly reviewed articles. The information is written by credible authors such as: journalists, researchers, and experts in the particular subject. Thirdly, search engines give millions of results making it hard for people to scan the results and find the exact information needed. However, by using databases one can access thousands of articles and books, charts and images and databases that are focused on the particular topic. Library databases have powerful search tools that enable a person to have more control over the search results. The tools suggest additional keywords for users to use and narrow down the results. Conclusions are that databases have the following advantages: They provide credible information, a person spends less time searching, have powerful search tools, and better